Monitoring the temporal change of ecological risk in coastal ecosystems: The case of Edremit Lagoon, (Balıkesir, Türkiye)

Abstract

Lagoons, which a shallow body of water separated from the sea by a sand barrier, such as a
coastal arrow, are extremely rich and sensitive ecosystems. However, recent scientific studies
show that lagoon ecosystems undergo ecological risk problems due to anthropogenic effects.
This study aimed to analyze the temporal variation of the ecological risk level caused by
potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Edremit Lagoon located in the borders of Edremit district
(Balıkesir, Türkiye). A 28-cm core was taken from the lagoon. Chlorophyll degradation products,
total organic carbon and PTE concentrations were analyzed using sediment samples. The
natural-anthropogenic sources of PTEs were determined by the enrichment factor and the
geoaccumulation index. The ecological risk level was determined with the modified ecological
risk index and the modified potential ecological risk index. Toxic risk level was analyzed by
toxic risk index. PTE’s possible sources were determined by multivariate statistical analysis
and mapping was done with Arc – Map 10.5 software. According to the findings, no PTE was
enriched except for Mo and Mn. No PTE was found to pose an ecological risk except for Cd. A low
level of ecological and toxic risk existed in the lagoon. Hg, As and Mn have been identified as the
PTEs that may increase ecological and toxic risk in the future. Therefore, it is recommended to
take necessary measures to limit the discharge of Hg, As, Mn into the lagoon ecosystem.

Keywords

• Coastal ecosystem
• Ecological risk
• Toxic risk
• Potentially toxic element pollution

Kıyı ekosistemlerinde ekolojik riskin zamansal değişiminin izlenmesi: Edremit Lagünü (Balıkesir) örneği

Abstract

Kıyı oku gibi bir kum bariyeri ile denizden ayrılmış sığ su kütlesi olan lagünler, son derece zengin
ve hassas ekosistemlerdir. Ancak, son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar lagün ekosistemlerinin
antropojenik etkiler nedeniyle ekolojik risk sorunları yaşadığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı; Edremit ilçesi (Balıkesir, Türkiye) sınırlarında yer alan Edremit Lagünü’nde potansiyel toksik
element (PTE) kaynaklı ekolojik risk seviyesinin zamansal değişimini analiz etmektir. Çalışma
kapsamında; lagünden 1 adet 28 cm uzunluğunda karot alınmıştır. Sediment örnekleri kullanılarak
klorofil bozunma ürünleri, toplam organik karbon ve PTE konsantrasyonları analiz edilmiştir.
Zenginleşme faktörü ve jeoakümülasyon indeksi ile PTE’lerin doğal-antropojenik kaynakları tespit
edilmiştir. Modifiye ekolojik risk indeksi ve modifiye potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksiyle ekolojik risk
seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Toksik risk seviyesi toksik risk indeksi ile analiz edilmiştir. PTE’lerin muhtemel
kaynakları çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerle belirlenmiş, Arc – Map 10.5 yazılımıyla haritalama
işlemleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgulara göre; Mo ve Mn dışında hiçbir
PTE zenginleşmemiştir. Cd hariç hiçbir PTE ekolojik risk yaratmamaktadır. Lagünde düşük seviyede
ekolojik ve toksik risk bulunmaktadır. Hg, As ve Mn gelecekte ekolojik ve toksik riski arttırabilecek
PTE’ler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu nedenle; Hg, As, Mn’nin lagün ekosistemine deşarjının sınırlandırılması
için gerekli önlemlerin alınması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Kıyı ekosistemi
• Ekolojik risk
• Toksik risk
• Potansiyel toksik element kirliliği.

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