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ERGENLERDE İNTİHAR DAVRANIŞI İLE ANNEYE BAĞLANMA ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 16 - 21, 27.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.654301

Abstract

Amaç: Ergenlik dönemindeki intihar girişimi, tüm dünyada yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. İntihar davranışı için biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal olmak üzere pek çok risk faktörü bulunmaktadır. Ergen intiharlarında, intiharla ilişkili davranışlarla ebeveyne güvensiz bağlanmanın ilişkisi çeşitli çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Ülkemizde ergenlerde bağlanma ve intihar girişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen az sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, intihar davranışı olan ve olmayan ergenlerde anneye bağlanma ve intihar davranışıyla ilişkili diğer faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: İntihar girişimi nedeniyle bir eğitim araştırma hastanesine başvuran 49 ergen çalışma grubu olarak, intihar girişim öyküsü bulunmayan 47 sağlıklı ergen ise kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya alındı. Tüm katılımcılara sosyodemografik veri formu, Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇGÖ), Ebeveyn ve Arkadaşlara Bağlanma Envanteri- Kısa Formu (EABE-KF), İntihar Davranışı Ölçeği (İDÖ), Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi-Ergen Formu (GGA) verildi ve Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi- Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli uygulandı.
Bulgular: İntihar girişimi grubunda %81.6 oranında psikopatoloji saptandı. İntihar girişiminde bulunan grubun, GGA akran sorunları alt ölçeği dışındaki tüm alt ölçeklerinin (duygusal, davranışsal, hiperaktivite, dışavurum ve içeatım) puan ortalamaları, ÇDÖ puan ortalamaları, İDÖ toplam puan, İDÖ-1, İDÖ-2 ve İDÖ-4 puan ortalamaları sağlıklı kontrollerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksekken, EABÖ anne bağlanma ölçek ortancası anlamlı düzeyde daha düşüktü. İDÖ toplam, İDÖ-1 ve İDÖ-2 ve İDÖ-4 puanları ile ÇDÖ puanı ve GGA toplam puanı ve tüm alt ölçek puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon, EABÖ anne bağlanma alt ölçeği puanı ile ise negatif korelasyon saptandı. Lojistik regresyon analizinde, EABÖ anne bağlanma ölçek puanları İDÖ toplam ve İDÖ-4 puanlarını yordamakta idi.
Tartışma: İntihar grubunda anneye bağlanma puanlarının düşük olması güvensiz bağlanmanın intihar davranışı için önemli bir risk faktörü olabileceği şeklindeki yazınla uyumludur. İntihar girişimi olan ergenlerde anneye bağlanma, intiharın ciddiyeti ve gelecekteki intihar niyetini yordamaktadır. Ebeveyn-ergen bağlanmasını iyileştirecek yaklaşımlar, intiharın önlenmesi açısından önemli rol oynayabilir. Bu alanda ileri çalışmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Statistics/Suicide/Violence Prevention/Injury Center /CDC http://www.cdc.gov/ violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/index.html. Accessed October 19, 2015.
  • Hawton K, Saunders KE, O’Connor RC. Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet 2012; 379:2373-82.
  • Carballo JJ, Llorente C, Kehrmann L, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for suicidality in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019;baskıda.
  • Dilillo D, Mauri S, Mantegazza C, Fabiano V; Mameli C, Zuccotti GV. Suicide in pediatrics: epidemiology, risk factors, warning signs and role of pediatrician in detecting them. Ital J Peadiatr 2015;7:41-9.
  • Bostik KE, Everall RD. Healing from suicide: adolescent perception of attachment relationship. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling 2007;35:79-96.
  • Sheftall AH, Mathias CW, Furr M, Dougherty DM. AdolescentAttachment Security, Family Functioning, and Suicide Attempts. Attach Hum Dev 2013; 15(4):368-83.
  • Sheftall AH, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Bridge JA. Insecure attachment and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Crisis 2014;35(6):426-30.
  • Lessard JC, Moretti MM. Suicidal ideation in an adolescent clinical sample: attachment patterns and clinical implications. J Adolesc 1998;21(4):383-95.
  • Falgares G, Marchetti D, De Santis S, et al. Attachment styles and suicide-related behaviors in adolescence: The mediating role od self-criticisim and dependency. Front Psychiatry 2017;10:8:36.
  • Zisk A, Abbott CH, Ewing SK, Diamond GS, Kobak R.The suicide narrative interview: adolescents’ attachment expectancies and sympton severity in clinical sample. Attach Hum Dev 2017;19(5):447-62.
  • DiFilippo JM, Overholser JC. Suicidal ideation in adolescent psychiatric inpatients as associated with depression and attachment relationships. J Clin Child Psychol 2000; 29(2):155-66.
  • Polat B. İntihar düşünce ve girişimi olan ergenlerde bağlanma. (Tez). Mersin, Mersin Üniversitesi, 2016.
  • Gökler B, Ünal F, Pehlivantürk ve ark. Okul çağı çocukları için duygulanım bozuklukları ve şizofreni görüşme çizelgesi- şimdi ve yaşam boyu versiyonu-Türkçe versiyonu’nun (ÇDŞG-ŞY-T) geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2004; 11:109-16.
  • Güvenir T, Özbek A, Baykara B, Arkar H, Şentürk B, İncekaş S. Güçler Güçlükler Anketi’nin (GGA) Türkçe uyarlamasının psikometrik özellikleri. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2008; 15(2):65-74.
  • Bayam G, Dilbaz N, Bitlis V, Holat H, Tüzer T. İntihar davranışı ile depresyon, ümitsizlik, intihar düşüncesi ilişkisi: İntihar davranışı ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi 1995;3:223-25.
  • Günaydın G, Selçuk E, Sümer N, Uysal A. Ebeveyn ve arkadaşlara bağlanma envanteri kısa formunun psikometrik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 2005;8:13-28.
  • Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991;2:132-9.
  • Ünlü G, Aksoy Z, Ersan EE. İntihar girişiminde bulunan çocuk ve ergenlerin değerlendirilmesi. Pam Tıp Derg 2014;7(3):176-183.
  • Aktepe E, Kandil S, Göker Z, Sarp K, Topbaş M, Özkorumak E. İntihar girişiminde bulunan çocuk ve ergenlerde sosyodemografik ve psikiyatrik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2006;5(6):444-54.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İntihar girişim istatistikleri- Suicide attempt statistics TR31 İzmir 2012. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası, 2013;16.
  • Agerbo E, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Suicide among young people-familial, psychiatric and socioeconomic risk factors. A nested case-control study. Ugeskr Laeger 2002;164(49):5786-90.
  • Toros F, Bilgin NG, Şaşmaz T, Bugdayci R, Camdeviren H. Suicide attempts and risk factors among children and adolescents. Yonsei Med J 2004;45(3):367-74.
  • Chau K, Kabuth B, Chau N. Association between suicide ideation and attempts and being an immigrant amond adolescents, and role of socioeconomic factors and school, behavior, and health-related difficulties. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13(11). pii:E1070.
  • Verona E, Javdani S.Dimensions of adolescent psychopathology and relationships to suicide risk indicators. J Youth Adolescence 2011;40:958-71.
  • Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ, Horwood LJ. Risk factors and life process associated with the onset of suicidal behaviour during adolescence and early adulthood. Psychol Med 2000;30(1):23-39.
  • Violato C, Arato J. Childhood attachment and adolescent suicide: a stepwise discriminant analysis in case-comprasion study. Individ Differ Res 2004;2(3):162-8.
  • Salzinger S, Rosario M, Feldman R, Ng-Mak DS. Adolescent suicidal behaviour: Association with preadolescent physical abuse and selected risk and protective factors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;47(7):859-66.
  • Venta A, Sharp C. Attachment organisation in suicide prevention resrarch: preliminary findings and future directions in a sample of inpatient adolescent. Crisis 2014;35(1):60-6.
  • Bowlby J. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. London: Routledge, 1988.
  • Doğan T. Ergenlerde Ana-Babaya Bağlanma: Türkiye Profili. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2016;8(4):406-419.
  • Allen JP, Porter M, mcFarlan C, McElhaney KB, Marsh P. The relation of attachment security adolescent’s parental and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Dev 2007;78(4):1222-39.
  • Lizardi D, Grunebaum MF, Burke A, et al. The effect of social adjustment and attachment style on suicidal behavior. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011;124(4):295–300.
  • Grunebaum MF, Galfalvy HC, Mortenson LY, Burke AK, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. Attachment and social adjustment: Relationships to suicide attempt and major depressive episode in a prospective study. J Affect Disord 2010; 123:123–130.
  • Zeyrek EY, Gencoz F, Bergman Y, Lester D. Suicidality, problem-solving skills, attachment style, and hopelessness in Turkish students. Death Studies 2009;33:815-27.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Behavior and Features of Mother Attachment in Adolescents

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 16 - 21, 27.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.654301

Abstract

Objective: Adolescent suicide attempt is a common public health problem all over the world. There are many biological, psychological and social risk factors for suicidal behavior. In adolescent suicides, the relationship between suicidal behaviors and insecure attachment to parents has been shown in various studies. In our country, there are few studies examining the relationship between attachment and suicide attempt in adolescents. In this study, we aimed to investigate other factors related to mother attachment and suicidal behavior in adolescents with and without suicidal behavior.
Methods: Of 49 adolescents who admitted to a training and research hospital for suicide attempt were included in the study group and 47 healthy adolescents whose no history of suicide attempt were included. All participants were applied a sociodemographic data form, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment-Short Form (IPPA-SF), Suicidal Behavior Scale (SBS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (SDQ-A) and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS).
Results: Psychopathology was found in 81.6% of the suicide attempts group. The mean scores of all the subscales (emotional, behavioral, hyperactivity, expression and introductory) of the group attempting suicide except the GGA peer problems subscale, the mean scores of CDI, the total score of SBS and SBS-1, SBS-2 and SBS-4 subscale scores were significantly higher and the median IPPA-SF scale was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. There was a positive correlation between total score of SBS, SBS-1, SBS-2, SBS-4, CDI, SDQ total score and its all subscale scores whereas a negative correlation was found with IPPA-SF maternal attachment subscale score. In the logistic regression analysis, the IPPA-SF mother attachment scale scores was predicted by SBS total score and SBS-4 subscale score.
Discussion: The low attachment scores to the mother in the suicide group are consistent with the literature that insecure attachment may be an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. In adolescents with suicide attempts, attachment to the mother predicts the seriousness of suicide and the intention of future suicide. Approaches to improve parent-adolescent attachment may play an important role in preventing suicide. Further studies are needed in this field.

References

  • Statistics/Suicide/Violence Prevention/Injury Center /CDC http://www.cdc.gov/ violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/index.html. Accessed October 19, 2015.
  • Hawton K, Saunders KE, O’Connor RC. Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet 2012; 379:2373-82.
  • Carballo JJ, Llorente C, Kehrmann L, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for suicidality in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019;baskıda.
  • Dilillo D, Mauri S, Mantegazza C, Fabiano V; Mameli C, Zuccotti GV. Suicide in pediatrics: epidemiology, risk factors, warning signs and role of pediatrician in detecting them. Ital J Peadiatr 2015;7:41-9.
  • Bostik KE, Everall RD. Healing from suicide: adolescent perception of attachment relationship. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling 2007;35:79-96.
  • Sheftall AH, Mathias CW, Furr M, Dougherty DM. AdolescentAttachment Security, Family Functioning, and Suicide Attempts. Attach Hum Dev 2013; 15(4):368-83.
  • Sheftall AH, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Bridge JA. Insecure attachment and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Crisis 2014;35(6):426-30.
  • Lessard JC, Moretti MM. Suicidal ideation in an adolescent clinical sample: attachment patterns and clinical implications. J Adolesc 1998;21(4):383-95.
  • Falgares G, Marchetti D, De Santis S, et al. Attachment styles and suicide-related behaviors in adolescence: The mediating role od self-criticisim and dependency. Front Psychiatry 2017;10:8:36.
  • Zisk A, Abbott CH, Ewing SK, Diamond GS, Kobak R.The suicide narrative interview: adolescents’ attachment expectancies and sympton severity in clinical sample. Attach Hum Dev 2017;19(5):447-62.
  • DiFilippo JM, Overholser JC. Suicidal ideation in adolescent psychiatric inpatients as associated with depression and attachment relationships. J Clin Child Psychol 2000; 29(2):155-66.
  • Polat B. İntihar düşünce ve girişimi olan ergenlerde bağlanma. (Tez). Mersin, Mersin Üniversitesi, 2016.
  • Gökler B, Ünal F, Pehlivantürk ve ark. Okul çağı çocukları için duygulanım bozuklukları ve şizofreni görüşme çizelgesi- şimdi ve yaşam boyu versiyonu-Türkçe versiyonu’nun (ÇDŞG-ŞY-T) geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2004; 11:109-16.
  • Güvenir T, Özbek A, Baykara B, Arkar H, Şentürk B, İncekaş S. Güçler Güçlükler Anketi’nin (GGA) Türkçe uyarlamasının psikometrik özellikleri. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2008; 15(2):65-74.
  • Bayam G, Dilbaz N, Bitlis V, Holat H, Tüzer T. İntihar davranışı ile depresyon, ümitsizlik, intihar düşüncesi ilişkisi: İntihar davranışı ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi 1995;3:223-25.
  • Günaydın G, Selçuk E, Sümer N, Uysal A. Ebeveyn ve arkadaşlara bağlanma envanteri kısa formunun psikometrik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 2005;8:13-28.
  • Öy B. Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991;2:132-9.
  • Ünlü G, Aksoy Z, Ersan EE. İntihar girişiminde bulunan çocuk ve ergenlerin değerlendirilmesi. Pam Tıp Derg 2014;7(3):176-183.
  • Aktepe E, Kandil S, Göker Z, Sarp K, Topbaş M, Özkorumak E. İntihar girişiminde bulunan çocuk ve ergenlerde sosyodemografik ve psikiyatrik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2006;5(6):444-54.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İntihar girişim istatistikleri- Suicide attempt statistics TR31 İzmir 2012. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası, 2013;16.
  • Agerbo E, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Suicide among young people-familial, psychiatric and socioeconomic risk factors. A nested case-control study. Ugeskr Laeger 2002;164(49):5786-90.
  • Toros F, Bilgin NG, Şaşmaz T, Bugdayci R, Camdeviren H. Suicide attempts and risk factors among children and adolescents. Yonsei Med J 2004;45(3):367-74.
  • Chau K, Kabuth B, Chau N. Association between suicide ideation and attempts and being an immigrant amond adolescents, and role of socioeconomic factors and school, behavior, and health-related difficulties. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13(11). pii:E1070.
  • Verona E, Javdani S.Dimensions of adolescent psychopathology and relationships to suicide risk indicators. J Youth Adolescence 2011;40:958-71.
  • Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ, Horwood LJ. Risk factors and life process associated with the onset of suicidal behaviour during adolescence and early adulthood. Psychol Med 2000;30(1):23-39.
  • Violato C, Arato J. Childhood attachment and adolescent suicide: a stepwise discriminant analysis in case-comprasion study. Individ Differ Res 2004;2(3):162-8.
  • Salzinger S, Rosario M, Feldman R, Ng-Mak DS. Adolescent suicidal behaviour: Association with preadolescent physical abuse and selected risk and protective factors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;47(7):859-66.
  • Venta A, Sharp C. Attachment organisation in suicide prevention resrarch: preliminary findings and future directions in a sample of inpatient adolescent. Crisis 2014;35(1):60-6.
  • Bowlby J. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. London: Routledge, 1988.
  • Doğan T. Ergenlerde Ana-Babaya Bağlanma: Türkiye Profili. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2016;8(4):406-419.
  • Allen JP, Porter M, mcFarlan C, McElhaney KB, Marsh P. The relation of attachment security adolescent’s parental and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Dev 2007;78(4):1222-39.
  • Lizardi D, Grunebaum MF, Burke A, et al. The effect of social adjustment and attachment style on suicidal behavior. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011;124(4):295–300.
  • Grunebaum MF, Galfalvy HC, Mortenson LY, Burke AK, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. Attachment and social adjustment: Relationships to suicide attempt and major depressive episode in a prospective study. J Affect Disord 2010; 123:123–130.
  • Zeyrek EY, Gencoz F, Bergman Y, Lester D. Suicidality, problem-solving skills, attachment style, and hopelessness in Turkish students. Death Studies 2009;33:815-27.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Gülser Şenses Dinç 0000-0001-5556-3175

Esra Çöp 0000-0001-8451-0099

Zeynep Göker 0000-0002-6489-3800

Müge Şahin 0000-0002-3116-4775

Duygu Bilgili 0000-0002-4564-1018

Özlem Hekim 0000-0002-7446-7805

Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu 0000-0002-3241-2005

Funda Kurt 0000-0002-3485-7200

Özden Şükran Üneri 0000-0002-7869-5338

Publication Date January 27, 2020
Submission Date December 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Şenses Dinç G, Çöp E, Göker Z, Şahin M, Bilgili D, Hekim Ö, Dibek Mısırlıoğlu E, Kurt F, Üneri ÖŞ. ERGENLERDE İNTİHAR DAVRANIŞI İLE ANNEYE BAĞLANMA ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2020;14(1):16-21.


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