Research Article

Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?

Number: 61 April 7, 2026
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Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?

Abstract

This article offers a Fetret-centered reading of Ali Kemâl’s extended French Revolution discussions as a deliberate political-ethical device rather than an encyclopedic detour. It argues that the novel’s recurrent pauses—moments when narration yields to lengthy debates on Bastille, revolutionary actors, and the vocabulary of “liberty”—constitute a laboratory in which the Second Constitutional Era’s public language is tested. The “Bedîa-i ihtilâl-i kebîr” polemic functions as the key experimental scene: a journalistic text forges legitimacy through a calendrical coincidence (Bastille in July; the Ottoman Constitution in July), romanticizes the Revolution by collapsing Marat, Robespierre, and Danton into a single heroic bloc, and culminates in the refrain “Long live liberty, long live constitutionalism!” Fetret’s critical intelligence lies in showing how such speech acts can aestheticize violence and convert historical analogy into a shortcut of authorization. Selman Bey’s intervention is therefore not a pedantic correction but an ethical diagnosis of public reason. His charge of “fıkdân-ı tetebbuʿ” (lack of disciplined inquiry) and his self-implicating question—“what percentage of us is still free of such stains?”—redefine historical knowledge as an obligation of intellectual life and as a preventive politics aimed at limiting radicalization and purge mentalities. The Danton/Robespierre/Saint-Just triad is read as an analogical map for contemporary positions: Danton figures pragmatic moderation, Robespierre the logic of delegitimating opposition through suspicion, and Saint-Just the rhetoric of extra-legal necessity that suspends judgment and law. In methodological terms, the article mobilizes Ali Kemâl’s Ricâl-i İhtilâl only “in footnote dose,” using it to sharpen Fetret’s implied distinctions without displacing the novel’s central stage. Ultimately, Fetret treats the French Revolution as a medium for diagnosing and treating the moral and rhetorical risks embedded in constitutional politics.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical Committee Approval: Ethical committee approval is not required for this research. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflicts of interest in this study

References

  1. Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  2. Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  3. Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  4. Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  5. Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  6. Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  7. Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  8. Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Anatolia Language, Literature and Culture, World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 7, 2026

Submission Date

February 4, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 61

APA
İldeş, Ö. (2026). Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy? Türk Dünyası Dil Ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 61, 27-72. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
AMA
1.İldeş Ö. Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy? Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 2026;(61):27-72. doi:10.24155/tdk.2026.265
Chicago
İldeş, Özgür. 2026. “Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used As a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?”. Türk Dünyası Dil Ve Edebiyat Dergisi, nos. 61: 27-72. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265.
EndNote
İldeş Ö (April 1, 2026) Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy? Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi 61 27–72.
IEEE
[1]Ö. İldeş, “Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?”, Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, no. 61, pp. 27–72, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.24155/tdk.2026.265.
ISNAD
İldeş, Özgür. “Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used As a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?”. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 61 (April 1, 2026): 27-72. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265.
JAMA
1.İldeş Ö. Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy? Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 2026;:27–72.
MLA
İldeş, Özgür. “Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used As a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?”. Türk Dünyası Dil Ve Edebiyat Dergisi, no. 61, Apr. 2026, pp. 27-72, doi:10.24155/tdk.2026.265.
Vancouver
1.Özgür İldeş. Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy? Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;(61):27-72. doi:10.24155/tdk.2026.265