Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

This article offers a Fetret-centered reading of Ali Kemâl’s extended French Revolution discussions as a deliberate political-ethical device rather than an encyclopedic detour. It argues that the novel’s recurrent pauses—moments when narration yields to lengthy debates on Bastille, revolutionary actors, and the vocabulary of “liberty”—constitute a laboratory in which the Second Constitutional Era’s public language is tested. The “Bedîa-i ihtilâl-i kebîr” polemic functions as the key experimental scene: a journalistic text forges legitimacy through a calendrical coincidence (Bastille in July; the Ottoman Constitution in July), romanticizes the Revolution by collapsing Marat, Robespierre, and Danton into a single heroic bloc, and culminates in the refrain “Long live liberty, long live constitutionalism!” Fetret’s critical intelligence lies in showing how such speech acts can aestheticize violence and convert historical analogy into a shortcut of authorization. Selman Bey’s intervention is therefore not a pedantic correction but an ethical diagnosis of public reason. His charge of “fıkdân-ı tetebbuʿ” (lack of disciplined inquiry) and his self-implicating question—“what percentage of us is still free of such stains?”—redefine historical knowledge as an obligation of intellectual life and as a preventive politics aimed at limiting radicalization and purge mentalities. The Danton/Robespierre/Saint-Just triad is read as an analogical map for contemporary positions: Danton figures pragmatic moderation, Robespierre the logic of delegitimating opposition through suspicion, and Saint-Just the rhetoric of extra-legal necessity that suspends judgment and law. In methodological terms, the article mobilizes Ali Kemâl’s Ricâl-i İhtilâl only “in footnote dose,” using it to sharpen Fetret’s implied distinctions without displacing the novel’s central stage. Ultimately, Fetret treats the French Revolution as a medium for diagnosing and treating the moral and rhetorical risks embedded in constitutional politics.

Etik Beyan

Ethical Committee Approval: Ethical committee approval is not required for this research. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflicts of interest in this study

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Tarihle Yüzleşmek, Tarihle Konuşmak: Ali Kemâl’in Fetret’inde Fransız İhtilali Anlatısı Bir Teşhis ve Tedavi Aracı mı?

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Bu makale, Ali Kemâl’in Fetret’inde Fransız İhtilali etrafında uzayan tartışmaları ansiklopedik bir sapmadan ziyade, bilinçli bir siyaset-ahlak aygıtı olarak Fetret merkezinde okur. Çalışmanın iddiasına göre romanın tekrar eden “duraklamaları”-anlatının geri çekilip Bastille, ihtilal aktörleri ve “hürriyet” kelime dağarcığı üzerine uzun münakaşalara yer açtığı anlar- II. Meşrutiyet’in kamusal dilinin sınandığı bir laboratuvar kurar. “Bedîa-i ihtilâl-i kebîr” polemiği bu laboratuvarın kilit sahnesidir: gazeteci metin, temmuz rastlantısı üzerinden (Bastille Temmuz’da alındı; Kanûn-ı Esâsî Temmuz’da ilan edildi.) meşruiyet üretir, Marat–Robespierre–Danton’u tek bir kahraman blokuna indirger, ardından “Yaşasın hürriyet, yaşasın meşrutiyet!” nidasıyla kapanır. Fetret’in eleştirel zekâsı, bu tür söz edimlerinin şiddeti estetize edebileceğini ve tarihsel analojiyi bir “yetkilendirme kısayolu”na çevirebileceğini göstermesinde yatar. Bu yüzden Selman Bey’in müdahalesi pedantik bir düzeltme değildir, kamusal muhakemenin etik teşhisidir. Onun “fıkdân-ı tetebbuʿ” suçlaması ve kendini de kapsayan “yüzde kaçımız masûnuz?” sorusu, tarih bilgisini aydının yükümlülüğü ve radikalleşme ile tasfiye mantığını sınırlayan önleyici bir siyaset olarak yeniden tanımlar. Danton/Robespierre/Saint-Just üçlüsü de güncel pozisyonlar için analojik bir harita sunar: Danton pragmatik ölçülülüğü, Robespierre muhalefeti şüpheyle gayrimeşrulaştırma mantığını, Saint-Just ise muhakeme ve hukuku askıya alan “hukuk dışı zorunluluk” retoriğini temsil eder. Metodolojik olarak makale, Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’ini sadece “dipnot dozunda” kullanır; böylece romanın merkezini bozmadan ayrımları keskinleştirir. Sonuçta Fetret, Fransız İhtilali’ni, meşrutiyet siyasetinin içinde saklı retorik ve ahlaki riskleri teşhis edip tedavi etmeye yarayan bir vasıta olarak ele alır.

Etik Beyan

Etik Komite Onayı: Araştırmada etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur. Mali Destek: Araştırma için herhangi bir mali destek alınmadı. Çıkar Çatışması: Yazar, çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan eder

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 61 , 27 - 72 , 07.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908–1914. Clarendon Press.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329a). Fetret [Book One]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1329b). Ricâl-i İhtilâl. Matbaa-i İkdâm.
  • Ali Kemâl. (1330). Fetret [Book Two]. Muhtar Hâlid Kitabhânesi.
  • Anderson, B. (2005). Hayali cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması (İ. Savaşır, Çev.). Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Arendt, H. (1990). On revolution. Penguin Books.
  • Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French political culture in the eighteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans., pp. 259–422). University of Texas Press.
  • Chartier, R. (1991). The cultural origins of the French Revolution. Duke University Press.
  • Findley, C. V. (2010). Turkey, Islam, nationalism, and modernity: A history, 1789– 2007. Yale University Press.
  • Furet, F. (1981). Interpreting the French Revolution (E. Forster, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J. E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger, Trans.). MIT Press.
  • Hunt, L. (1984). Politics, culture, and class in the French Revolution. University of California Press.
  • Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures past: On the semantics of historical time (K. Tribe, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
  • Kuneralp, S. (1991). Bir Osmanlı aydınının gözüyle Fransız İhtilâli: Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’i. In M. Şen, A. Öztürk, F. Hitzel ve A. Tibet (Eds.), 200. Yıldönümünde Fransız İhtilâli ve Türkiye Sempozyumunda Sunulan Bildiriler (pp. 147–149). Selçuk University.
  • Meriç, C. (2005). Bu ülke. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ozouf, M. (1988). Festivals and the French Revolution (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  • Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Scurr, R. (2006). Fatal purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Metropolitan Books.
  • Skinner, Q. (2002). Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas. History and Theory, 8(1), 3–53.
  • Suleiman, S. R. (1993). Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre. Princeton University Press.
  • Tackett, T. (2003). When the king took flight. Harvard University Press.
  • White, H. (1973). Metahistory: The historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2004). Turkey: A modern history (3rd ed.). I. B. Tauris.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Anadolu Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü, Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özgür İldeş 0000-0002-5326-2122

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Şubat 2026
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Nisan 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265
IZ https://izlik.org/JA22UX62GM
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA İldeş, Ö. (2026). Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy? Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 61, 27-72. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2026.265