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Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya
Abstract
Due to Türkiye's geographical features, avalanches frequently cause serious loss of life and property. Within the scope of this study, avalanche risk in selected pilot regions of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. In the study, fieldwork was initially conducted, and avalanche areas were identified using digital surface models. By conducting statistical analyses with meteorological data, avalanche fracture depths were calculated, and two-dimensional avalanche simulations were carried out using the RAMMS (Rapid Mass Movement Simulation) software. Avalanche hazard maps compliant with Austrian standards were created using the simulation results, and risk analyses were subsequently conducted. In the analysis conducted in the Gazi Bey neighborhood located in Bitlis, it was determined that 21 avalanche routes fall into the medium and high-risk categories. Although the risk level was calculated as low due to insufficient traffic data at the Van-Bahçesaray Karabet Pass, the overall avalanche threat in the region is high. In the Antalya Akdağ Ski Resort, the individual risk of death was found to be at tolerable level, but it was determined that 90% of the ski slopes were exposed to avalanche danger. The study emphasizes the necessity of implementing integrated engineering measures to reduce avalanche risk.
Keywords
References
- European Snow Avalanche Warning Services. Fatalities statistics [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.avalanches.org/fatalities/fatalities-statistics.
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- AFAD. Bingöl İl Afet Risk Azaltma Planı. Ankara: AFAD; 2021.
- AFAD. Bitlis İl Afet Risk Azaltma Planı. Ankara: AFAD; 2021.
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- Rudolf-Miklau F, Sauermoser S, Mears AI, Boensch MM. The Technical Snow Avalanche Protection Handbook. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn GmbH & Co. KG; 2015.
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
December 30, 2025
Submission Date
June 16, 2025
Acceptance Date
October 3, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 14 Number: 4
APA
Yıldız, E., & Selek, Z. (2025). Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 14(4), 22-37. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1720942
AMA
1.Yıldız E, Selek Z. Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya. TJNS. 2025;14(4):22-37. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1720942
Chicago
Yıldız, Engin, and Zeliha Selek. 2025. “Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 14 (4): 22-37. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1720942.
EndNote
Yıldız E, Selek Z (December 1, 2025) Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 14 4 22–37.
IEEE
[1]E. Yıldız and Z. Selek, “Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya”, TJNS, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 22–37, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1720942.
ISNAD
Yıldız, Engin - Selek, Zeliha. “Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 14/4 (December 1, 2025): 22-37. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1720942.
JAMA
1.Yıldız E, Selek Z. Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya. TJNS. 2025;14:22–37.
MLA
Yıldız, Engin, and Zeliha Selek. “Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 22-37, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1720942.
Vancouver
1.Engin Yıldız, Zeliha Selek. Snow Avalanche Hazard and Risk Management at a Regional Scale in Türkiye: Detailed Analyses and Modeling Approaches in the Provinces of Bitlis, Van, and Antalya. TJNS. 2025 Dec. 1;14(4):22-37. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1720942