Research Article

Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax

Volume: 14 Number: 4 December 30, 2025
EN TR

Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax

Abstract

Waste beeswax (WB) obtained from various industrial processes has significant potential in terms of recycling and value-added material production. The utilization of such waste not only reduces environmental impact but also enhances economic feasibility by converting waste into valuable products. In this study, the usability of waste beeswax generated from beekeeping activities as an alternative filler in polymer matrix composite systems was investigated. Within a base composite matrix composed of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and crushed stone aggregate (SC), the aggregate was partially replaced by WB at weight ratios of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. The produced biocomposite samples were subjected to physical and mechanical tests including density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results were further evaluated using regression and correlation analyses. The findings revealed that the addition of beeswax reduced the overall density of the composites, thereby contributing to lightweight structures. However, higher beeswax contents led to increased porosity and water absorption, accompanied by a decrease in mechanical performance. Notably, compressive strength and UPV values showed significant reductions at beeswax contents above 10%. In conclusion, the limited use of WB as a filler material appears to be a viable approach for developing environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, and functionally acceptable biocomposite materials.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fundamental and Theoretical Fluid Dynamics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

July 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 4, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 14 Number: 4

APA
Polat, H., Kolak, M. N., Dursun, İ., Tarih, Y. S., & Gündüz, M. Z. (2025). Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 14(4), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1740537
AMA
1.Polat H, Kolak MN, Dursun İ, Tarih YS, Gündüz MZ. Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax. TJNS. 2025;14(4):149-157. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1740537
Chicago
Polat, Hasan, Mehmet Nuri Kolak, İnan Dursun, Yavuz Selim Tarih, and Muhammed Zekeriya Gündüz. 2025. “Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced With Waste Beeswax”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 14 (4): 149-57. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1740537.
EndNote
Polat H, Kolak MN, Dursun İ, Tarih YS, Gündüz MZ (December 1, 2025) Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 14 4 149–157.
IEEE
[1]H. Polat, M. N. Kolak, İ. Dursun, Y. S. Tarih, and M. Z. Gündüz, “Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax”, TJNS, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 149–157, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1740537.
ISNAD
Polat, Hasan - Kolak, Mehmet Nuri - Dursun, İnan - Tarih, Yavuz Selim - Gündüz, Muhammed Zekeriya. “Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced With Waste Beeswax”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 14/4 (December 1, 2025): 149-157. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1740537.
JAMA
1.Polat H, Kolak MN, Dursun İ, Tarih YS, Gündüz MZ. Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax. TJNS. 2025;14:149–157.
MLA
Polat, Hasan, et al. “Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced With Waste Beeswax”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 149-57, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1740537.
Vancouver
1.Hasan Polat, Mehmet Nuri Kolak, İnan Dursun, Yavuz Selim Tarih, Muhammed Zekeriya Gündüz. Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax. TJNS. 2025 Dec. 1;14(4):149-57. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1740537

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