TR
EN
Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging
Abstract
This study investigates the detection of micrometastases in a mouse model of lung cancer using luciferase-expressing Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC1-Luc2), comparing bioluminescence imaging and quantitative PCR targeting the sex determining region Y gene. LLC1-Luc2 cells were intravenously injected into female C57BL/6 mice to establish a syngeneic metastasis model. Metastatic progression in lungs and liver was monitored over four weeks using bioluminescence imaging, with luciferase signals recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Concurrently, quantitative PCR was employed to quantify metastatic cell numbers by amplifying the male-specific sex determining region Y gene, leveraging the sex mismatch between male-derived LLC1-Luc2 cells and female hosts. A standard curve was generated to correlate quantitative PCR cycle threshold values with cell numbers, enabling precise estimation of metastatic burden. Results demonstrated that BLI effectively visualized metastatic foci in deep tissues, while quantitative PCR provided superior sensitivity for detecting micrometastases, particularly at early stages or in low-cell-number lesions. The integration of bioluminescence imaging and sex determining region Y gene quantitative PCR offers a robust framework for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of metastasis, providing valuable insights for preclinical evaluation of anti-metastatic therapies
Keywords
Ethical Statement
The experimental procedures in this study were all carried out in accordance with the institutional guidelines and approved by the Hacettepe University Animal Experiments Ethical Committee (2024/19).
Thanks
I would like to thank Associate Prof. Yağmur Akdağ Çaylı for LLC-1-Luc2 cells
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
July 1, 2026
Submission Date
August 21, 2025
Acceptance Date
February 3, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 2
APA
Öztürk, S. C. (2026). Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 15(2), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1770061
AMA
1.Öztürk SC. Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. TJNS. 2026;15(2):33-38. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1770061
Chicago
Öztürk, Süleyman Can. 2026. “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of QPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15 (2): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
EndNote
Öztürk SC (July 1, 2026) Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15 2 33–38.
IEEE
[1]S. C. Öztürk, “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”, TJNS, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 33–38, July 2026, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
ISNAD
Öztürk, Süleyman Can. “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of QPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15/2 (July 1, 2026): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
JAMA
1.Öztürk SC. Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. TJNS. 2026;15:33–38.
MLA
Öztürk, Süleyman Can. “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of QPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, vol. 15, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 33-38, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
Vancouver
1.Süleyman Can Öztürk. Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. TJNS. 2026 Jul. 1;15(2):33-8. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1770061