TR
EN
Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging
Öz
This study investigates the detection of micrometastases in a mouse model of lung cancer using luciferase-expressing Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC1-Luc2), comparing bioluminescence imaging and quantitative PCR targeting the sex determining region Y gene. LLC1-Luc2 cells were intravenously injected into female C57BL/6 mice to establish a syngeneic metastasis model. Metastatic progression in lungs and liver was monitored over four weeks using bioluminescence imaging, with luciferase signals recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Concurrently, quantitative PCR was employed to quantify metastatic cell numbers by amplifying the male-specific sex determining region Y gene, leveraging the sex mismatch between male-derived LLC1-Luc2 cells and female hosts. A standard curve was generated to correlate quantitative PCR cycle threshold values with cell numbers, enabling precise estimation of metastatic burden. Results demonstrated that BLI effectively visualized metastatic foci in deep tissues, while quantitative PCR provided superior sensitivity for detecting micrometastases, particularly at early stages or in low-cell-number lesions. The integration of bioluminescence imaging and sex determining region Y gene quantitative PCR offers a robust framework for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of metastasis, providing valuable insights for preclinical evaluation of anti-metastatic therapies
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
The experimental procedures in this study were all carried out in accordance with the institutional guidelines and approved by the Hacettepe University Animal Experiments Ethical Committee (2024/19).
Teşekkür
I would like to thank Associate Prof. Yağmur Akdağ Çaylı for LLC-1-Luc2 cells
Kaynakça
- Bertram, J. S., & Janik, P. (1980). Establishment of a cloned line of Lewis lung carcinoma cells adapted to cell culture. Cancer Letters, 11(1), 63–73.Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2009.
- ATCC. (2023). LL/2-Luc2 - CRL-1642-LUC2. https://www.atcc.org/products/crl-1642-luc2
- Deng, W., McLaughlin, S. L., & Klinke, D. J. (2017). Quantifying spontaneous metastasis in a syngeneic mouse melanoma model using real-time PCR. Analyst, 142(16), 2945–2953.
- Kuo, T. H., Kubota, T., Watanabe, M., Furukawa, T., Kase, S., Tanino, H., ... & Hoffman, R. M. (2015). Preclinical murine models for lung cancer: Clinical opportunities and challenges. BioMed Research International, 2015, 621324.
- Xu, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022). In vivo growth of subclones derived from Lewis lung carcinoma is determined by the tumor microenvironment. Frontiers in Oncology, 12, 9729899.
- Miyakawa, Y., Oda, Y., & Furukawa, T. (2018). Transgenic mice accepting luciferase-expressing tumor cells enable real-time tracking of tumor growth and metastasis. Genes to Cells, 23(10), 913–922.
- Contag, C. H., & Bachmann, M. H. (2002). Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene expression and protein–protein interactions. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 4, 235–260.
- Chi, J. Y., Hsiao, Y. W., Liu, H. L., Fan, X. J., Wan, X. B., Liu, T. L., Hung, Y. H., Shen, M. R., & Wang, J. M. (2021). Fibroblast CEBPD/SDF4 axis in response to chemotherapy-induced angiogenesis through CXCR4. Cell Death Discovery, 7, 94
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
1 Temmuz 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
21 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi
3 Şubat 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2
APA
Öztürk, S. C. (2026). Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 15(2), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1770061
AMA
1.Öztürk SC. Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. TDFD. 2026;15(2):33-38. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1770061
Chicago
Öztürk, Süleyman Can. 2026. “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15 (2): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
EndNote
Öztürk SC (01 Temmuz 2026) Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15 2 33–38.
IEEE
[1]S. C. Öztürk, “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”, TDFD, c. 15, sy 2, ss. 33–38, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
ISNAD
Öztürk, Süleyman Can. “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15/2 (01 Temmuz 2026): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
JAMA
1.Öztürk SC. Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. TDFD. 2026;15:33–38.
MLA
Öztürk, Süleyman Can. “Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, c. 15, sy 2, Temmuz 2026, ss. 33-38, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1770061.
Vancouver
1.Süleyman Can Öztürk. Detection of Micrometastases of Luciferase-Expressing LLC-1 Lung Cancer Cells in a Mouse Metastasis Model: Comparison of qPCR and Bioluminescence Imaging. TDFD. 01 Temmuz 2026;15(2):33-8. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1770061