Yerli Turistlerin Sokak Yiyeceklerine Yönelik Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 47 - 61, 09.07.2019

Nuran Aşık Akşit

Abstract

Sokak yiyecekleri, yöresel mutfak ve yemek kültürünün önemli bir temsilcisi olduğu kadar, aynı zamanda turistik çekicilik unsurlarından biridir. Ancak, sokak yiyeceklerinin bir çekim aracı olarak kullanılması ve geliştirilmesi için, turistlerin sokak yiyeceklerine yönelik tutumlarının bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Buradan hareketle gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın amacı, turistlerin sokak yiyeceklerine yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 422 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, istatistik paket programında, frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma ve faktör analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Turistlerin sokak yiyeceklerine yönelik tutumlarının hangi boyutlardan oluştuğunu belirlemek amacı ile yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda; gıda kalitesi, hizmet kalitesi, haz alma duygusu, hijyen, parasal değer ve memnuniyet olmak üzere altı boyut elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, en çok tercih edilen sokak yiyecekleri, ekmek arası balık, döner, sucuk, tost, börek, gözleme ve simit olarak sıralanmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, genel olarak sokak yiyeceklerine karşı tutumun olumlu olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve en yüksek tutum ortalamasının hizmet kalitesine, en düşük tutum ortalamasının ise hijyen faktörüne ait olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sokak yiyeceklerine yönelik tutum boyutları bağlamında, demografik değişkenler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Sokak Yiyecekleri, Gastronomi, Tüketici Tutumu, Demografik Değişkenler

Determination of Domestic Tourists' Attitudes Toward The Street Foods

Abstract

Street foods is representative of the food culture and regional cuisine as well as being one of the important tourist attraction elements. But, in order to be used and to be development of street foods as an attraction tool it is necessary to know the attitude of tourists to the street foods. So, the main purpose of this study, to determine the attitude to street foods of tourists. For this purpose a questionnaire was given to 422 individuals constituted by randomly selected. In the study, which was designed in the form of a descriptive research, the data were collected by means of a questionnaire developed following literature review. The data were collected via questionnaire and by face-to-face interview. Obtained data was analyzed in statistical package program by means of frequency, percent distribution, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis. As a result of the factor analysis, six dimensions were obtained which are food quality, service quality, sense of pleasure, hygiene, price value and satisfaction. According to the research findings, fish, döner, sucuk in bread, toast, patty, gözleme etc. and Turkish bagel are most preferred street foods. In order to determine from which dimensions the attitude of tourists’ to street foods consisted of the statements were subjected to factor analysis. The results show signifying that overall there is a positive attitude towards street foods. The obtained results are show that the highest score by factor was obtained by service quality and the lowest score was achieved by hygiene. The results show signifying that overall there is a positive attitude towards street foods. The obtained results are show that the highest score by factor was obtained by service quality and the lowest score was achieved by hygiene. And also, it is determined that there are statistically significant differences in terms of demographic variables within the context of dimensions of the attitude to street foods.

Keywords

Street Foods, Gastronomy, Consumer Attitude, Demographic Variables

References

• Abdalla, M. A., Suliman, S. E. and Bakhiet, A. O. (2009). Food Safety Knowledge and Practices of Street Food Vendors in Atbara City (Naher Elneel State Sudan). African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(24), 6967-6971.
• Ballı, E. (2016). Gastronomi Turizmi Açısından Adana Sokak Lezzetleri. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 4(1), 3-17. doi:10.21325/jotags.2016.18.
• Bhowmik, S. K. (2005). Street Vendors in Asia: A review. Economic and Political Weekly, 40 (22/23), 2256- 2264.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem Yayınları, 1-360.
• Calloni, M. (2013). Street Food on Move: A Socio-philosophical Approach. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 93, 3406-3413. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6353.
• Cardoso, R. C. V., Companion, M. and Marras, S.R. (2014). Street Food Culture, Economy, Health and Governance. Milton Park: Routledge is an Imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.
• Chavarria, L. C. T. and Phakdee-auksorn, P. (2017). Understanding International Tourists' Attitudes Towards Street Food in Phuket, Thailand. Tourism Management Perspectives, 21, 66-73. doi:10.1016/ j.tmp.2016.11.005
• Choi, J., Lee A. and Ok C. (2013). The Effects of Consumers Perceived Risk and Benefit on Attitude and Behavioral Intention: a Atudy of Street Food. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30, 222–237. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2013.774916.
• Çavuşoğlu, M. ve Çavuşoğlu, O. (2018). Gastronomi Turizmi ve Kıbrıs Sokak Lezzetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(Ek1), 637-651.
• Dawson, R. J. and Canet, C. (1991). International Activities in Street Foods. Food Control, 2(3), 135-139. Demir, Ş., Akdağ, G., Sormaz, Ü. ve Özata, E. (2018). Sokak Lezzetlerinin Gastronomik Değeri: İstanbul
• Sokak Lezzetleri. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(Ek1), 589-601.
• Dönmez-Polat, D. ve Gezen, A. (2017). Gastronomide Sokak Yiyecekleri ve Satıcıları: Teorik Bir Çalışma. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 5 (2), 117-124. doi: 10.21325/jotags.2017.116
• Draper, A. (1996). Street Foods in Developing Countries: the Potential for Micronutrient Fortification. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1-60.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Heung, V. C. and Gu, T. (2012). Influence of Restaurant Atmospherics on Patron Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(4), 1167-1177. doi: 10.1016/ j.ijhm.2012.02.004
• Gönülgül, S. ve Durlu-Özkaya, F. (2017). Los Angeles ve Toronto Sokak Lezzetlerinin Menü İçeriği ve Üretim Bakımından İncelenmesi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 5 (4), 454-465. doi:10.21325/jotags.2017.160 Khairuzzaman, M., Chowdhury, F. M., Zaman, S., Al Mamun, A. and Bari , M. (2014). Food Safety Challenges towards Safe, Healthy, and Nutritious Street Foods in Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Science, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2014/483519.
• Kim, E. Ham, S. Yang, I. S. and Choi, J. G. (2013). The Roles of Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control in the Formation of Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions to Read Menu Labels in the Restaurant Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 203-213. doi: 10. 1016/j.ijhm.2013.06.008.
• Moy, G., Hazzard, A. and Käferstein, F. (1997). Improving the Safety of Street-Vended Food. World Health Statistics Quarterly. Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales, 50(1-2), 124-131.
• Ohiokpehai, O. (2003). Nutritional Aspects of Street Foods in Botswana. Pakistan, Journal of Nutrition, 2(2), 76-81.
• Okumuş, B. Okumuş, F. and McKercher, B. (2007). Incorporating Local and International Cuisines in the Marketing of Tourism Destinations: The Cases of Hong Kong and Turkey. Tourism Management, 28(1), 253-261. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.020
• Omemu, A.M. and Aderoju S. T. (2008). Food Safety Knowledge and Practices of Street Food Vendors in the City of Abeokuta, Nigeria. Food Control, 19, 396-402. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.04.021
• Petrini, C. (2003). Slow Food: The Case for Taste. Columbia University Press, USA.
• Proietti, I., Frazzoli, C. and Mantovani, A. (2014). Identification and Management of Toxicological Hazards of Street Foods in Developing Countries. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 63, 143-152. doi:10.1016/ j.fct.2013.10.047.
• Rapisarda P. Rizzo M. and Scuderi, A. (2015). Analysis of a Direct Selling Network for Agrifood Products, Italian Journal of Food Science, 27 (1), 109-117. doi: 10.14674/1120-1770/ijfs.v81
• Ryu, K. Lee, H. R. and Gon Kim, W. (2012). The Influence of the Quality of the Physical Environment, Food, and Service on Restaurant Image, Customer Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 200-223.doi: 10.1108/09596111211206141.
• Simopoulos, A. P. and Bhat, R. V. (Eds.). (2000). Street foods (Vol. 86). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.
• Sipahi, B., Yurtkoru, E. S. ve Çinko M. (2006). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi, Beta Basım Yayım, İstanbul.
• Steyn, N. P., Labadarios, D., and Nel, J. H. (2011). Factors Which Influence the Consumption of Street Foods and Fast Foods in South Africa-a National Survey. Nutrition Journal, 10(1), 104. doi:10.1186/1475- 2891-10-104.
• Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. (5th ed.). : Allyn & Bacon. Akt. Avcı, S. (2017). Eğitimde Öğretmenler için Yeni Bir Kalıpyargılar Ölçeği'nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Journal of Higher Education & Science/Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 7(3). doi: 10.5961/jhes.2017.238.
• Timothy, D. J. and Wall, G. (1997). Selling to Tourists: Indonesian Street Vendors. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 322-340.
• Tinker, I., (2003). Street Foods: Traditional Micro-Enterprise in a Modernizing World. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 16(3), 331–349. doi: 10.1023/A:1022300210762.
• Winarno, F. G. (1986). Proceedings: Regional Workshop on Street Foods in Asia, Jogjakarta, Indonesia, Bogor: Institut Pertanian, Food Technology Development Centre.
• Winarno, F. G. and Allain, A. (1991). Street Foods in Developing Countries: Lessons from Asia. Alimentation, Nutrition et Agriculture (FAO).
• Yazıcıoğlu, Y. ve Erdoğan, S. (2004) SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.