Pandemi Sürecinde Sebze Üreten Tarım İşletmelerinin Yapısal Durumu ve Finansmanı: Ankara İli Örneği

Yıl 2024, , 46 - 58, 30.06.2024

Türkan Karakaş , Erdoğan Güneş

https://doi.org/10.61513/tead.1469936

Öz

Ekonomik büyüme süreçleri; gıda krizleri, salgın hastalıklar veya savaş gibi nedenlerle kesintiye uğrar. 2019 Aralık ayında başlayan, 30 Ocak 2020’de küresel acil durum ilan edilen ve 5 Mayıs 2022’de küresel acil durumdan çıkarılan COVID-19 pandemi süreci dünya ekonomisini etkilediği gibi tarım sektörünü de derinden etkilemiştir. Bu dönemde tarım sektörünün krizlere karşı dayanıklı ve sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pandemi sürecinde sebze üreten tarım işletmelerinin yapısal durumlarının ortaya konulması, finansmanının incelenmesi ve pandemi sürecinin tarım işletmelerine etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada ana materyal olarak, Ankara ilinde Beypazarı ve Ayaş ilçelerinde Tabakalı Tesadüfi Örnekleme yönetimi ile belirlenen 112 adet sebze üreten tarım işletmesine yüz yüze anket uygulanarak elde edilen birincil veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, tarım işletmelerine dair bazı sosyoekonomik değişkenler incelenmiş, pandemi döneminde kredi kullanımı pandemi öncesine göre karşılaştırılmış ve pandemi sürecinin işletmelere etkisi 5’li likert ölçeği kullanılarak sıralanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında; ortalama hane halkı büyüklüğü 2.96 kişi iken işletmecilerin yaş ortalaması 54.68 yıl ve tarımsal deneyimi 43.06 yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama işletme büyüklüğü 145.47 dekar ve parsel sayısı 12.20 adettir. İşletmelerde, pandemi öncesi %63.39 olan kredi kullanım oranı pandemi döneminde %73.21’e yükselmiştir. İşletme kredisi kullanım oranı pandemi öncesinde %57.75 iken pandemi döneminde %68.29’ye yükselmiştir. Sonuçlara göre işletmecilerin, pandemi döneminde sorun yaşandığına dair katılım düzeyi genel olarak düşük bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte bu süreçte işçilik, pazarlama, tarımsal altyapı, hasat ve sulama sorunlarının yaşandığına dair katılım düzeyleri diğer hususlara göre daha yüksektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarım işletmesi, Tarımsal finansman, COVID-19 pandemisi, Sebze, Sürdürülebilirlik

The Structural Situation and Financing of Agricultural Enterprises Operating in the Vegetable Producing During the Pandemic: The Case of Ankara Province

Öz

Economic growth processes are interrupted by factors such as food crises, outbreaks of infectious diseases or wars. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in December 2019 and was declared a global emergency on January 30, 2020, with the global emergency status lifted on May 5, 2022, has deeply affected the world economy as well as the agricultural sector. During pandemic, making the agricultural sector resilient and sustainable against crises has become crucial. The aim of this study is to identify the structural conditions of agricultural enterprises engaged in vegetable farming during the pandemic, examine their financing and determine the effects of the pandemic on agricultural enterprises. The primary data obtained by conducting face-to-face surveys with 112 vegetable-producing agricultural enterprises in Beypazarı and Ayaş districts of Ankara province using the Stratified Random Sampling method were used as the main material in the study. Some socio-economic data regarding agricultural enterprises were collected, agricultural credit usages before and during the pandemic were compared, and the impact of the pandemic on enterprises was ranked using a five-point Likert scale. In the research findings; the average household size is 2.96 people, the average age of the operators is 54.68 years, the agricultural experience is 43.06 years. The average farm size is 145.47 decares, and the number of plots is 12.20. Before the pandemic 63.39% of the enterprises utilized financial credit, while during the pandemic 73.21% of the enterprises used financial credit. Before the pandemic, 57.75% of the enterprises used operational credits, while during the pandemic, this rate increased to 68.29%. According to the results, the level of participation indicating problems experienced by entrepreneurs during the pandemic was generally found to be low. However, during this period, the level of participation indicating problems related to labor, marketing, agricultural infrastructure, harvesting, and irrigation is higher.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agricultural enterprise, Agricultural finance, COVID-19 pandemic, Vegetable, Sustainability

Kaynakça

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