COVID-19 Salgınında Sürdürülebilir Limon Üretimi ve Ticaretine Yönelik Uygulanan Politikalara İlişkin Üretici Algıları: Mersin Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 215 - 228

Osman Sedat Subaşı , Osman Uysal

https://doi.org/10.61513/tead.1560343

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin limon üretim ve ihracatının merkezi olan Mersin ilinde, Covid-19 salgını sürecinde uygulanan tedbir ve önlemlere karşı üreticilerin yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Covid-19 salgını sürecinde limon üretimine uygulanan tedbir ve önlemlerin etki ve yansımalarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veriler Nisan-Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında 95 üreticiden oransal örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Limon üreticilerinin pandemi döneminde uygulanan tedbir ve önlemlere ilişkin görüşleri kümeleme analiziyle belirlenmiştir. Ward tekniği ve K-mean tekniği kullanılmıştır. Birinci kümede en önemli kriterler "Mevsimlik işçilere izin esnekliği", "Çiftçilere sokağa çıkma yasağı muafiyeti" ve "Piyasaya erişimin kolaylaştırılması" iken, ikinci kümede "Kooperatif borçlarının ertelenmesi" ve "Çiftçilere sokağa çıkma yasağı muafiyeti" yer almıştır. En önemli kriter olarak "üreticiler" belirlendi. Çok boyutlu ölçeklendirme ile en etkili önlem ve tedbirler belirlendi. Metrik olmayan çok boyutlu ölçeklendirme analizi sonuçlarına göre, pandemi sırasında uygulanan benzer tedbir ve önlemler orjiin etrafında gruplandırılmıştır. Öte yandan “ihracat öncesi izin alınması” ölçüsü gruptan uzakta gerçekleşti ve diğerlerinden farklı konumlanmıştır. Emek yoğun bir üretim biçimi olan limon yetiştiriciliğinde işgücünün karantina kısıtlamalarından muaf tutulması, emeğin kullanımını mümkün kılmıştır. Pandemi döneminde üretimin kesintiye uğramaması için alınan bu önlem, limon üretiminde yaşanabilecek sorunların da önüne geçmiştir. Ancak limon ihracatına yönelik ön izin ve kısıtlamaların uygulanması ihracatı olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu da yurt içi fiyatların düşmesine neden olmuştur. Olası pandemi koşullarının tartışıldığı günümüzde, gıda güvenliği ve sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik uygulanacak tedbirlerin iç ve dış pazar koşulları dikkate alınarak belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Limon, Önlemler, Kümeleme Analizi, Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme

Producer Perceptions Regarding Policies Implemented for Sustainable Lemon Production and Trade During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Mersin

Öz

This study examined producer approaches against the precautions and measures applied during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mersin province, the center of lemon production and export in Türkiye. It is aimed to determine the effects and reflections of the measures and precautions implemented to lemon production during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data were collected by proportional sampling technique between April and June 2021 from 95 producers. The opinions of lemon producers on the precautions and measures applied during the pandemic were determined by cluster analysis. Ward technique and K-mean technique were used. In the first cluster, the most important criteria are "Leave flexibility for seasonal workers," "Curfew exemption for farmers," and "Facilitate access to the market" while in the second cluster, "Defferal of cooperative debts" and “Curfew exemption for producers" was determined as the most important criteria. The most effective precautions and measures were determined by multidimensional scaling. According to the results of non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis results, similar precautions and measures applied during the pandemic were grouped around the origin. On the other hand, the measure of “obtaining a pre-export permit" took place away from the group and differed from others. The exemption of the labor force from the lockdown restrictions in lemon farming, a labor-intensive mode of production, enabled the use of labor. This measure, taken to prevent production interruptions during the pandemic period, prevented possible problems in lemon production. However, applying preliminary permits and restrictions for lemon exports adversely affected exports. It also caused domestic prices to fall. Today, when possible pandemic conditions are discussed, it is crucial to determine the measures to be applied for food safety and sustainability by considering domestic and foreign market conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Lemon, Precautions, Cluster Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling

Kaynakça

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