Görme Yetersizliği ve Erken Okuryazarlık Becerileri

Abstract

Çocukların okul öncesi dönemde kazanmaları gereken erken okuryazarlık becerileri formal okuryazarlık öncesinde ön koşul bilgi, beceri ve tutumları ifade etmektedir. Okul öncesi dönemde doğal olarak gerçekleşen bazı öğrenme fırsatları çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerini kazanmalarında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Görme becerilerinde sınırlılık yaşayan çocuklar için ise doğal öğrenme fırsatları yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu durum gören akranlarıyla karşılaştırıldıklarında görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerileriyle bağlantılı alanlarda yeterince gelişim sağlayamamalarına neden olmaktadır. Alanyazında tüm çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin erken dönemlerden itibaren desteklenmesi gerektiği ifade edilmektedir. Bu destek çocukların bireysel ihtiyaçları ve becerileri göz önünde bulundurularak farklılaştırılmalıdır. Görme yetersizliği olan çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin desteklenmesinde görme sınırlılığından etkilenme düzeylerine göre farklı uyarlamalar gerekebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada alanyazında yapılan araştırmaların derlenmesiyle erken okuryazarlık, erken okuryazarlık becerileri ve görme yetersizliğinin erken okuryazarlık becerilerine etkisi farklı etmenler açısından ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin desteklenmesine yönelik çeşitli önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

• Görme yetersizliği
• Erken okuryazarlık
• Okul öncesi dönem

Visual Impairment and Early Literacy Skills

Abstract

Early literacy skills children should acquire in preschool refer to prerequisite knowledge, skills, and attitudes before formal literacy. The natural learning opportunities that arise in the preschool period affect the acquisition of early literacy skills in children. Natural learning opportunities may need to be improved for children with limited vision skills. Compared to their sighted peers, children with visually impairment not to be able to develop sufficiently in areas related to their early literacy skills. The literature suggests that all children's early literacy skills should be supported from early ages. This support should be differentiated according to children's individual needs and skills. Depending on the level of exposure of children with visually impaired to the disability, different adaptations may be required in order to support the early literacy skills of children with disabilities. In the context of this study, the effects of early literacy, early literacy skills, and visual impairment on early literacy skills are explained, and various suggestions are given to support the early literacy skills of children with visual impairment in light of the findings obtained as a result of the researches in the literature.

Keywords

• Visual impairment
• Early literacy
• Preschool period

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