An Examination of the Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Short Form of the APS-R Perfectionism Scale in Adolescents

Abstract

This study aimed to enhance the utility of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised, one of the most widely used tools for measuring higher-order dimensions of perfectionism, by developing a shorter and more refined Turkish version. Responses from 1391 high school students from 12 schools were randomly split into two groups. Firstly, in Sample 1, a short form was developed based on item content and factor structure, followed by an evaluation of its validity and reliability. Secondly, the assumption of measurement invariance across sex was tested, confirming strict measurement invariance and structural invariance. Thirdly, in Sample 2, evidence was obtained for cross-validation to replicate the factor structure and reliability of the short form, as well as to assess its convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, considering that perfectionism is examined in the literature using both dimensional and group-based approaches, factor mixture modeling was employed to simultaneously assess the dimensional and categorical structure of the APS-R Turkish Short Form. Results supported a mixed structure of perfectionism, endorsing a four-class, two-factor model. Altogether, the development and rigorous assessment of the APS-R Turkish Short Form —including its factor structure, measurement, and structural invariance, replication, construct validity, cross-validation, and factor mixture modeling — offers a valuable tool for both academic and practical applications.

Keywords

• Perfectionism
• Measurement invariance
• Structural invariance
• Construct validity
• Cross-validation
• Factor mixture modeling

Ergenlerde APS-R Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği Türkçe Kısa Formu’nun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, mükemmeliyetçiliğin üst boyutlarını ölçmek için en sık kullanılan araçlardan biri olan APS-R Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği’nin kullanışlılığını artırmak için daha kısa ve rafine bir formunun oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. 12 liseden 1391 öğrencinin yanıtları rastgele ikiye bölünmüş, ilk olarak çalışma grubu 1’de madde içerikleri ve faktör yapısı göz önüne alınarak kısa form oluşturulmuş, ardından geçerliği ve güvenirliği incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak kısa formun cinsiyete göre ölçme değişmezliği varsayımının test edilmesi sonucu, cinsiyete göre katı ölçme değişmezliği ve yapısal değişmezlik doğrulanmıştır. Üçüncü olarak çalışma grubu 2’de kısa formun çapraz geçerliliğinin yanı sıra benzeşim ve ayrışım geçerliğine ilişkin kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Son olarak ilgili alanyazında mükemmeliyetçilik, boyutsal yaklaşımların yanı sıra grup temelli yaklaşımlarla incelendiğinden APS-R Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun boyutsal ve kategorik yapısını eş zamanlı olarak değerlendirebilmek için faktör karma modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kısa formda incelenen mükemmeliyetçiliğin karma bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koyarak dört sınıflı ve iki faktörlü modeli desteklemiştir. Kısa formun geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde izlenen titiz prosedür, APS-R Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nu hem akademik hem de pratik uygulamalar için önemli ve değerli bir araç hâline getirmiştir.

Keywords

• Mükemmeliyetçilik
• Ölçme değişmezliği
• Yapısal değişmezlik
• Yapısal geçerlik
• Çapraz geçerlik
• Faktör karma modelleme

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