DRYDEN, OR THE NAME WELL LOST IN HISTORY

Abstract

In most cases the word history gives researchers a start and pause at once. Gives start because the immensity of history can take one by surprise, thereby swerving the researcher off the intended course of a project; gives pause because setting eyes on history from a standpoint that is more or less influenced by the critical thinking as well as the ever-changing perspectives of the present day carries the risk of divorcing the historical figures from their contexts. These two issues and decontextualising the historical subject/s in particular, can thus be taken as the main pitfalls of historical research. No matter how the researcher attempts at clinging to tackle the subject in question from a historical point of view, either in the introductory part or in the concluding section of the study, contemporary perspective inevitably comes into play. The point in undertaking a historical research, therefore, is to maintain a balance amid the modern day perspective and the historical perspective with the purpose of drawing parallels between past and present. And when that is fairly done, or even honestly sought to, these parallels are not without their interest or their use to the contemporary perspective.

Keywords

• DRYDEN
• NAME
• WELL

DRYDEN YA DA TARİHTE YİTEN İSİM

Abstract

Antik dönemlerden beri entelektüellerin merakını celbeden bir olgu olan çeviri eylemine dair yapılan tarihsel araştırmalar ayrı bir öneme haizdir. Çünkü çeviri eyleminin tarihsel süreç içerisinde geçirdiği süreçleri izlemek, bir bakıma, çağdaş çeviri anlayışını şekillendiren olguların da izini sürmek anlamına gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yapılan bu tarihsel yolculuğu salt çeviri odaklı düşünmek büyük oranda yanıltıcıdır. Zira tarih boyunca çeviriyle gerek kuramsal gerekse uygulama alanında uğraşmış hemen hemen her kişi, söz konusu edimle farklı bağlamlar dâhilinde uğraşmıştır. Hâl böyle olmakla beraber, çeviri kuramlarının tarih yazımında bu durum nedense ikinci plana itilmiştir. Gerçekten de, Çeviribilim’in tarih yazımında önemli konumlara sahip tarihsel isimler, yalnızca çeviri hakkında yazdıklarıyla anılmaktadır. Bu doğal bir sonuçtur. Bir bilim dalı—herhangi bir bilim dalı—tarihi, kendi bakış açısından mercek altına alır ve yazar. Ancak bundan daha fazlasını yapmak her zaman için mümkündür. Bu makale, Çeviribilim ve çeviri kuramlarının tarih yazımındaki başat isimlerden biri olan John Dryden üzerinedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, çeviri kuramları külliyatında adı, “motamot”, “açımlama” ve “taklit” kavramlarıyla birlikte anılan Dryden tarihselleştirilmiştir. Makalenin bu kısmında, Çeviribilim alanında Dryden’ın bu üç seçenek arasında bir orta yol olarak gördüğü açımlamayı tercih ettiğini belirterek sona eren tartışmaların yüzeyselliği sorgulanmaktadır. Restorasyon Dönemi’nin önde gelen oyun yazarlarından Dryden’ın, aynı zamanda çağının en önemli eleştirmenlerden biri olduğu gerçeğinden yola çıkarak, yazarın orta yol arayışının neşet ettiği tiyatro eserlerine, kuramsal yazılarına ve tragedya kavramıyla hesaplaşmasına odaklanan makalenin bir sonraki bölümündeyse, Dryden’ın Çeviribilim ve çeviri kuramlarının tarih yazımındaki yeri sorunsallaştırılmaktadır. Çalışmanın son kısmındaysa Dryden’ın, William Shakespeare’in Antonius ile Kleopatra’sı üzerinden kaleme aldığı Her şey Aşk İçin adlı oyunu üzerinde durulmakta ve makalenin bu bölümüne kadar yürütülen tarihsel tartışma ışığında, bahsi geçen eserin çağdaş çeviri kuramlarındaki yansımaları araştırılmaktadır

Keywords

• tarih
• tarih yazımı
• tiyatro tarihi
• çeviri tarihi
• Dryden

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