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How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?

Year 2020, Volume: 27 Issue: 120, 283 - 291, 30.12.2020

Abstract

This paper aims to reveal the effects of the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA), which determines the course of the textile trade and the global competition on countries' levels of specialization. In this perspective, we analyze the levels of specialization (competition) of the 10 countries whose exports were the highest in the sector before and after the complete abolition of quotas in a comparatively. In the analyses, we use the Index of Contribution to Trade Balance (ICBT), the Export-Import Ratio Index (EIRI) and the Michaely Index (MI) to measure the progress of countries' level of specialization in the sector by years. All of these indices indicate that the highest levels of specialization in the sector were Pakistan, India and Turkey before the end of the MFA. After 2005, when quotas were completely eliminated, China and Hong Kong increased their level of expertise in the sector and separated positively from other countries. In this context, China achieved a global competitive advantage in the sector, especially with high level of specialization.

References

  • 1. Ahmad, N., & Kalim, R. (2014). Implications of export competitiveness, and performance of textile and clothing sector of Pakistan: Pre and post quota analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(3), 696-714.
  • 2. Ananthakrishnan, P., & Jain-Chandra, S. (2005). The Impact on India of Trade Liberalization in the Textiles and Clothing Sector. International Monetary Fund.
  • 3. Austria, M. S. (1996). The Effects of the MFA Phase Out on the Philippine Garments and Textiles Industries. Makati City: Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
  • 4. Balassa, B. (1977). Revealed Comparative Advantage Revisited: An Analysis of Relative Export Shares of the Industrial Countries 1953-1971. The Manchester School, 327-344.
  • 5. Brambilla, I., Khandelwal, A. K., & Schott, P. K. (2010). China's Experience under the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) and the. R. C. Feenstra, & S.-J. Wei içinde, China's Growing Role in World Trade (s. 345-387). University of Chicago Press.
  • All references are presented within the file of paper!

Çok elyaflılar anlaşması ülkelerin tekstil sektöründeki uzmanlaşma düzeyini nasıl etkilemiştir?

Year 2020, Volume: 27 Issue: 120, 283 - 291, 30.12.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışma, tekstil ticaretinin ve küresel rekabetin seyrini belirleyen Çok Elyaflılar Anlaşması’nın (MFA) ülkelerin uzmanlaşma düzeylerine etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu perspektifte, kotaların tamamen kaldırılması öncesinde ve sonrasında sektörde ihracatı en yüksek olan 10 ülkenin uzmanlaşma (rekabet) düzeyleri karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde ülkelerin sektördeki uzmanlaşma düzeylerinin yıllara göre seyrinin ölçülebilmesi amacıyla Ticaret Dengesine Katkı Endeksi (ICBT), İhracat-İthalat Oranı Endeksi (EIRI) ve Michaely Endeksi (MI) kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu endekslerin tamamı MFA’nın tamamen sona ermesinden önce sektörde uzmanlaşma düzeyi en yüksek ülkelerin Pakistan, Hindistan ve Türkiye olduğunu göstermektedir. Kotaların tamamen ortadan kaldırıldığı 2005 yılı sonrasında ise Çin ve Hong Kong sektördeki uzmanlaşma düzeylerini arttırarak diğer ülkelerden pozitif anlamda ayrışmıştır. Bu bağlamda, özellikle Çin yüksek düzeyde uzmanlaşmayla birlikte sektörde küresel rekabet avantajı sağlamıştır.

References

  • 1. Ahmad, N., & Kalim, R. (2014). Implications of export competitiveness, and performance of textile and clothing sector of Pakistan: Pre and post quota analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(3), 696-714.
  • 2. Ananthakrishnan, P., & Jain-Chandra, S. (2005). The Impact on India of Trade Liberalization in the Textiles and Clothing Sector. International Monetary Fund.
  • 3. Austria, M. S. (1996). The Effects of the MFA Phase Out on the Philippine Garments and Textiles Industries. Makati City: Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
  • 4. Balassa, B. (1977). Revealed Comparative Advantage Revisited: An Analysis of Relative Export Shares of the Industrial Countries 1953-1971. The Manchester School, 327-344.
  • 5. Brambilla, I., Khandelwal, A. K., & Schott, P. K. (2010). China's Experience under the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) and the. R. C. Feenstra, & S.-J. Wei içinde, China's Growing Role in World Trade (s. 345-387). University of Chicago Press.
  • All references are presented within the file of paper!
There are 6 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Birol Erkan This is me 0000-0001-8363-5543

Elif Tuğçe Bozduman This is me 0000-0002-6145-8571

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 27 Issue: 120

Cite

APA Erkan, B., & Bozduman, E. T. (2020). How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?. Tekstil Ve Mühendis, 27(120), 283-291.
AMA Erkan B, Bozduman ET. How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?. Tekstil ve Mühendis. December 2020;27(120):283-291.
Chicago Erkan, Birol, and Elif Tuğçe Bozduman. “How Did the Multi-Fiber Agreement Affect the Level of Specialization in the Textile Sector of the Countries?”. Tekstil Ve Mühendis 27, no. 120 (December 2020): 283-91.
EndNote Erkan B, Bozduman ET (December 1, 2020) How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?. Tekstil ve Mühendis 27 120 283–291.
IEEE B. Erkan and E. T. Bozduman, “How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?”, Tekstil ve Mühendis, vol. 27, no. 120, pp. 283–291, 2020.
ISNAD Erkan, Birol - Bozduman, Elif Tuğçe. “How Did the Multi-Fiber Agreement Affect the Level of Specialization in the Textile Sector of the Countries?”. Tekstil ve Mühendis 27/120 (December 2020), 283-291.
JAMA Erkan B, Bozduman ET. How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?. Tekstil ve Mühendis. 2020;27:283–291.
MLA Erkan, Birol and Elif Tuğçe Bozduman. “How Did the Multi-Fiber Agreement Affect the Level of Specialization in the Textile Sector of the Countries?”. Tekstil Ve Mühendis, vol. 27, no. 120, 2020, pp. 283-91.
Vancouver Erkan B, Bozduman ET. How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?. Tekstil ve Mühendis. 2020;27(120):283-91.