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From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy
Abstract
This article examines Spinoza’s confrontation with the religious traditions of scriptural philosophy and his effort to disentangle philosophy from biblical exegesis, and vice versa. By reading the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect alongside the Theological-Political Treatise, it argues that Spinoza’s path to philosophy arises primarily from a reflection on the “true good” through the recognition of the futility of certain aspects and conventional “goods” of ordinary life. At the same time, it is shaped by his original and critical engagement with biblical and Pharisaic-rabbinic themes. The study highlights his critique of Pharisaic-rabbinic exclusivism and its interpretation of the biblical doctrine of chosenness, his rejection of philosophical-allegorical exegesis, and his polemic against theologians who subordinate Scripture to Neoplatonic and Aristotelian speculation. Against these traditions, Spinoza advances what may be called a dual liberation. On one side, philosophy (freed from theological tutelage) claims geometric certainty in uncovering the necessary order of nature and in guiding human beings toward genuine happiness and blessedness. On the other, Scripture (released from speculative distortions) regains its divine character and usefulness, preserving its dignity and authority through the universal moral precepts of justice and charity. Ultimately, the article argues that Spinoza brings scriptural philosophy to an end by exposing the contradictions inherent in all attempts to reconcile revelation with philosophy, and by inaugurating a new philosophical project (an ethics grounded in ontology) together with a hermeneutic science founded on historical-critical exegesis. This dual liberation stands out as one of Spinoza’s most enduring contributions within the framework of modern thought.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Galatasaray University Scientific Research Projects Division (BAP)
Project Number
SBA-2024-1262
References
- Bensussan, Gérard. Qu’est-ce que la philosophie juive ? Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 2003.
- Chalier, Catherine. “Le pouvoir révélant de la Bible juive” in Judaïsme et christianisme, l’écoute en partage, Edited by Catherine Chalier and Marc Faessler, 97-113. Paris: Cerf, 2001.
- ———. L’inspiration du philosophe.“L’amour de la sagesse” et sa source prophétique. Paris: Albin Michel, 1996.
- ———. Spinoza, lecteur de Maïmonide. La question théologico-politique. Paris: Cerf, 2006.
- Curley, Edwin. “Spinoza’s Biblical Scholarship” in Baruch de Spinoza, Theologisch-politischer Traktat, Edited by Otfried Höffe, 109-26. Berlin: De Gruyter Akademie Verlag, 2014.
- Deleuze, Gilles. Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza. Translated by Martin Joughin, New York: Zone Books, 1990.
- Guttmann, Julius. Philosophies of Judaism: The History of Jewish Philosophy from Biblical Times to Franz Rosenzweig. Translated by David W. Silverman, Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1966.
- Hadot, Pierre. Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. Translated by Michael Chase, Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Philosophy of Religion, 17th Century Philosophy, Hellenistic Philosophy, Modern Philosophy, Medieval Philosophy
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
December 1, 2025
Submission Date
September 3, 2025
Acceptance Date
October 10, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Number: 24
APA
Nahum, A. E. (2025). From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, 24, 187-203. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1777186
AMA
1.Nahum AE. From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy. Temasa Journal of Philosophy. 2025;(24):187-203. doi:10.55256/temasa.1777186
Chicago
Nahum, Alber Erol. 2025. “From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy”. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, nos. 24: 187-203. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1777186.
EndNote
Nahum AE (December 1, 2025) From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi 24 187–203.
IEEE
[1]A. E. Nahum, “From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy”, Temasa Journal of Philosophy, no. 24, pp. 187–203, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.55256/temasa.1777186.
ISNAD
Nahum, Alber Erol. “From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy”. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi. 24 (December 1, 2025): 187-203. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1777186.
JAMA
1.Nahum AE. From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy. Temasa Journal of Philosophy. 2025;:187–203.
MLA
Nahum, Alber Erol. “From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy”. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, no. 24, Dec. 2025, pp. 187-03, doi:10.55256/temasa.1777186.
Vancouver
1.Alber Erol Nahum. From Biblical Truth to the Truth About the Bible: Spinoza and the End of Scriptural Philosophy. Temasa Journal of Philosophy. 2025 Dec. 1;(24):187-203. doi:10.55256/temasa.1777186