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İktisatta Farklı Grupların Psikolojisinin Dini Açıdan Önemi

Year 2023, , 45 - 76, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.53352/tevilat.1267316

Abstract

Davranış psikolojisi, etik, din ve finans alanındaki tüm yeni keşiflere rağmen, “homo-ekonomikus” ruhu hala çağdaş ekonomi, siyaset bilimi ve sosyolojiye hakimdir. Ekonomi politiğin eski bölümleri, İbn Haldun, Weber, Bacon, Hobbes ve Smith gibi önde gelen isimlerin saf ekonomik akılcılığın ve materyalist bir zihniyetin havarileri olmadığını ortaya koyuyor. Bu düşünürlerin çoğu, sosyal ve kültürel gerçeklikler bağlamında makul bir şekilde "akılcılığı" onaylarken, daha sonra çağdaş davranışsal iktisatçılar tarafından "keşfedilen" bilişsel önyargıların sistematik akıldışılığının da farkındaydılar. "İktisadi aktörlerin farklılaşan ihtiyaçlarına dayalı ekonomik kararların dini bir bakış açısıyla rasyonellik anlayışında bir tutarsızlık veya kayıtsızlık var mı?" sorusuna cevap vermeye çalışıyoruz. Bu nedenle, din, ekonomi ve psikolojinin birbirini etkilediği varsayımlarına dayanarak, psikoloji ve ekonomik davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiye dair iyi tanımlanmış bir hipotez ve varsayımların en az üç açıdan açıklığa kavuşturulması gerektiği ileri sürülmektedir: birincisi, "anahtar faktörlerin belirlenmesi". ruh halini etkileyen"; ikincisi "davranış, inanç ve psikoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi keşfetmek"; üçüncüsü ise "farklı insan gruplarının psikolojik, inanç ve davranışlarının ekonomik kararlar üzerindeki olası etkilerinin dikkate alınması". Bu doğrultuda politika yapıcılar için bir dizi makul öneri üretilecektir.

References

  • Adler, N. E., & Stewart, J. "Health disparities across the lifespan: meaning, methods, and mechanisms." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186/1 (January 2010): 5-23.
  • Amir, O., Ariely, D., Cooke, A. et al. "Psychology, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy." Market Lett, 16/443–454 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-005-5904-2
  • Beekman, A. T., Deeg, D. J., van Tilburg, T., Smit, J. H., Hooijer, C., & van Tilburg, W. "Major and minor depression in later life: a study of prevalence and risk factors." Journal of affective disorders, 36/1-2 (1995): 65-75.
  • Buchanan, J. M., & Tulloch, G. "The calculus of consent: Logical foundations of constitutional democracy." Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1962.
  • Chapra, M. U. "The Islamic vision of development in the light of Maqasid al-Shariah." Jeddah: Islamic Research & Training Institute, 2008.
  • Chen, E., Miller, G.E., Kobor, M.S., Cole, S.W. "Maternal warmth buffers the effects of low early-life socioeconomic status on pro-inflammatory signaling in adulthood." Mol. Psychiatry, 16/729–737 (2011).
  • Cook, J. A., & Wimberley, D. W. "If I Should Die Before I Wake: Religious Commitment and Adjustment to the Death of a Child." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22/3 (1983): 222–238. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385967
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. "Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being." Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5/1 (2004): 1-31.
  • Dorfman, R. "Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3/3 (1989): 153-164. DOI: 10.1257/jep.3.3.153
  • Efe, A. "İslami Perspektifte Ekonomi Psikolojisi." Yönetim Ekonomi Edebiyat İslami ve Politik Bilimler Dergisi, 4/1 (2019): 131-152. DOI: 10.24013/jomelips.477382
  • Helfenbein K. G., DeSalle R. "Falsifications and corroborations: Karl Popper's influence on systematics." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35/1 (2005): 271-280. ISSN 1055-7903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.003
  • Jost, J. T., Hawkins, C. B., Nosek, B. A., Hennes, E. P., Stern, C., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, J. "Belief in a just God (and a just society): A system justification perspective on religious ideology." Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 34/1 (2014): 56–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033220
  • Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. "High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(38), 16489-16493, (2010).
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. "Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk." Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291, (1979).
  • Karaoğlu, S. & Basfirinci, C. "Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Reklâmın Satın Alma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkileri." Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 4(2), 77-96, (2018). DOI: 10.20979/ueyd.430849
  • Kasser, T. "The high price of materialism." MIT Press, (2002).
  • Kaya, C. & Zaim, H. "Islâmî Değerlerin Çalışan Memnuniyetine Etkisi: Bir Katılım Bankası Uygulaması." İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 26(78), 58-86. Retrieved from
  • https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuiieyd/issue/9209/115626
  • Kempen A. "Crime statistics 2018/2019." Servamus Community-based Safety and Security Magazine, vol. 112, No. 11. Retrieved from
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  • Kübler-Ross, E. "On Death and Dying" (1st ed.). Routledge, (1969). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203010495
  • Kuran, T. "Islamic economics and the Islamic subeconomy." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 95, 251-273, (2013).
  • Link, H. C. "The Possibilities of Religious Education." Christian Education, 30(1), 94–102. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41176400, (1947).
  • Madge, N., Hemming, P., & Stenson, K. "Youth On Religion: The development, negotiation and impact of faith and non-faith identity" (1st ed.). Routledge, (2014). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315851068
  • Mankiw, N. G. "Principles of economics." Cengage Learning, (2014).
  • Mendeş P. İ. & Dönmez T. A. "Davranış Teorilerinin Bireysel, Sosyal ve Normatif Açıdan Kavramlaştırılması: BSN Davranış Modeli Önerisi." İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 29(85), 127-186. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuiieyd/issue/42837/517884, (2019).
  • Muth, J. F. "Rational expectations and the theory of price movements." Econometrica 29/3 (March 1961): 315-335.
  • Nursi, B.S. "The Words." Sözler Publications, Istanbul, Turkey, 1960.
  • Oishi, S., & Diener, E. "Can and should happiness be a policy goal?" Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1/1 (January 2014): 195-203.
  • Piketty, T. "Capital in the Twenty-First Century." The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2017.
  • Reynaud, B. L. "Economic Psychology Hardcover." Pierre-Louis Reynaud. ABC-Clio, LLC, USA, 1981.
  • Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. "The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life." Journal of Counseling Psychology 53/1 (January 2006): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
  • Steinitz, L. Y. "Religiosity, Well-Being, and Weltanschauung among the Elderly." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 19/1 (March 1980): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386018
  • Sukarieh, M., & Tannock, S. "Youth Rising? The Politics of Youth in the Global Economy." 1st ed., Routledge, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315884660
  • Thaler, R. "Mental accounting matters." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 12/3 (July 1999): 183-206.
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. "Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness." Penguin, 2008.
  • Tøllefsen, I.M., Hem, E. & Ekeberg, Ø. "The reliability of suicide statistics: a systematic review." BMC Psychiatry 12 (January 2012): 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-9

Importance of Psychology of Different Groups in Economics from A Religious Perspective

Year 2023, , 45 - 76, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.53352/tevilat.1267316

Abstract

Despite all the recent discoveries in behavioral psychology, ethics, religion, and finance, the spirit of homo- Despite all the recent discoveries in behavioral psychology, ethics, religion, and finance, the spirit of homo-economicus still dominates contemporary economics, political science, and sociology. The old parts of the political economy reveal that leading figures such as Ibn Khaldun, Weber, Bacon, Hobbes, and Smith were not apostles of pure economic rationality and a materialistic mindset. While most of these thinkers plausibly endorsed "rationality" in the context of social and cultural realities, they were also aware of the systematic irrationality of cognitive biases that were later "discovered" by contemporary behavioral economists. We are trying to answer the question, "are there a discrepancy or non-complacency in rationality understanding of economic decisions based on differing needs of economic agencts from a religious perspective?". So, based on assumptions that religion, economis and psychology are effecting each other, it is argued that a well-defined hypothesis and assumptions on the relationship between psychology and economic behaviors need to be cleared at least three aspects: first, "identifying key factors that influence mood"; second "exploring the relationship between behavior, faith, and psychology"; and third "considering the possible effects of psychology, faith, and behaviors of different groups of people on economic decisions”. A set of reasonable suggestions for policy makers is going to be produced in this direction.

References

  • Adler, N. E., & Stewart, J. "Health disparities across the lifespan: meaning, methods, and mechanisms." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186/1 (January 2010): 5-23.
  • Amir, O., Ariely, D., Cooke, A. et al. "Psychology, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy." Market Lett, 16/443–454 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-005-5904-2
  • Beekman, A. T., Deeg, D. J., van Tilburg, T., Smit, J. H., Hooijer, C., & van Tilburg, W. "Major and minor depression in later life: a study of prevalence and risk factors." Journal of affective disorders, 36/1-2 (1995): 65-75.
  • Buchanan, J. M., & Tulloch, G. "The calculus of consent: Logical foundations of constitutional democracy." Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1962.
  • Chapra, M. U. "The Islamic vision of development in the light of Maqasid al-Shariah." Jeddah: Islamic Research & Training Institute, 2008.
  • Chen, E., Miller, G.E., Kobor, M.S., Cole, S.W. "Maternal warmth buffers the effects of low early-life socioeconomic status on pro-inflammatory signaling in adulthood." Mol. Psychiatry, 16/729–737 (2011).
  • Cook, J. A., & Wimberley, D. W. "If I Should Die Before I Wake: Religious Commitment and Adjustment to the Death of a Child." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22/3 (1983): 222–238. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385967
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. "Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being." Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5/1 (2004): 1-31.
  • Dorfman, R. "Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3/3 (1989): 153-164. DOI: 10.1257/jep.3.3.153
  • Efe, A. "İslami Perspektifte Ekonomi Psikolojisi." Yönetim Ekonomi Edebiyat İslami ve Politik Bilimler Dergisi, 4/1 (2019): 131-152. DOI: 10.24013/jomelips.477382
  • Helfenbein K. G., DeSalle R. "Falsifications and corroborations: Karl Popper's influence on systematics." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35/1 (2005): 271-280. ISSN 1055-7903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.003
  • Jost, J. T., Hawkins, C. B., Nosek, B. A., Hennes, E. P., Stern, C., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, J. "Belief in a just God (and a just society): A system justification perspective on religious ideology." Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 34/1 (2014): 56–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033220
  • Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. "High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(38), 16489-16493, (2010).
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. "Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk." Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291, (1979).
  • Karaoğlu, S. & Basfirinci, C. "Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Reklâmın Satın Alma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkileri." Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 4(2), 77-96, (2018). DOI: 10.20979/ueyd.430849
  • Kasser, T. "The high price of materialism." MIT Press, (2002).
  • Kaya, C. & Zaim, H. "Islâmî Değerlerin Çalışan Memnuniyetine Etkisi: Bir Katılım Bankası Uygulaması." İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 26(78), 58-86. Retrieved from
  • https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuiieyd/issue/9209/115626
  • Kempen A. "Crime statistics 2018/2019." Servamus Community-based Safety and Security Magazine, vol. 112, No. 11. Retrieved from
  • https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-192ca0bdf2, (2019).
  • Kübler-Ross, E. "On Death and Dying" (1st ed.). Routledge, (1969). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203010495
  • Kuran, T. "Islamic economics and the Islamic subeconomy." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 95, 251-273, (2013).
  • Link, H. C. "The Possibilities of Religious Education." Christian Education, 30(1), 94–102. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41176400, (1947).
  • Madge, N., Hemming, P., & Stenson, K. "Youth On Religion: The development, negotiation and impact of faith and non-faith identity" (1st ed.). Routledge, (2014). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315851068
  • Mankiw, N. G. "Principles of economics." Cengage Learning, (2014).
  • Mendeş P. İ. & Dönmez T. A. "Davranış Teorilerinin Bireysel, Sosyal ve Normatif Açıdan Kavramlaştırılması: BSN Davranış Modeli Önerisi." İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 29(85), 127-186. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuiieyd/issue/42837/517884, (2019).
  • Muth, J. F. "Rational expectations and the theory of price movements." Econometrica 29/3 (March 1961): 315-335.
  • Nursi, B.S. "The Words." Sözler Publications, Istanbul, Turkey, 1960.
  • Oishi, S., & Diener, E. "Can and should happiness be a policy goal?" Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1/1 (January 2014): 195-203.
  • Piketty, T. "Capital in the Twenty-First Century." The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2017.
  • Reynaud, B. L. "Economic Psychology Hardcover." Pierre-Louis Reynaud. ABC-Clio, LLC, USA, 1981.
  • Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. "The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life." Journal of Counseling Psychology 53/1 (January 2006): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
  • Steinitz, L. Y. "Religiosity, Well-Being, and Weltanschauung among the Elderly." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 19/1 (March 1980): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386018
  • Sukarieh, M., & Tannock, S. "Youth Rising? The Politics of Youth in the Global Economy." 1st ed., Routledge, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315884660
  • Thaler, R. "Mental accounting matters." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 12/3 (July 1999): 183-206.
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. "Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness." Penguin, 2008.
  • Tøllefsen, I.M., Hem, E. & Ekeberg, Ø. "The reliability of suicide statistics: a systematic review." BMC Psychiatry 12 (January 2012): 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-9
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Efe 0000-0002-2691-7517

Early Pub Date June 29, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

ISNAD Efe, Ahmet. “Importance of Psychology of Different Groups in Economics from A Religious Perspective”. Tevilat 4/1 (June 2023), 45-76. https://doi.org/10.53352/tevilat.1267316.