İktisatta Farklı Grupların Psikolojisinin Dini Açıdan Önemi

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 45 - 76, 30.06.2023

Ahmet Efe

https://doi.org/10.53352/tevilat.1267316

Abstract

Davranış psikolojisi, etik, din ve finans alanındaki tüm yeni keşiflere rağmen, “homo-ekonomikus” ruhu hala çağdaş ekonomi, siyaset bilimi ve sosyolojiye hakimdir. Ekonomi politiğin eski bölümleri, İbn Haldun, Weber, Bacon, Hobbes ve Smith gibi önde gelen isimlerin saf ekonomik akılcılığın ve materyalist bir zihniyetin havarileri olmadığını ortaya koyuyor. Bu düşünürlerin çoğu, sosyal ve kültürel gerçeklikler bağlamında makul bir şekilde "akılcılığı" onaylarken, daha sonra çağdaş davranışsal iktisatçılar tarafından "keşfedilen" bilişsel önyargıların sistematik akıldışılığının da farkındaydılar. "İktisadi aktörlerin farklılaşan ihtiyaçlarına dayalı ekonomik kararların dini bir bakış açısıyla rasyonellik anlayışında bir tutarsızlık veya kayıtsızlık var mı?" sorusuna cevap vermeye çalışıyoruz. Bu nedenle, din, ekonomi ve psikolojinin birbirini etkilediği varsayımlarına dayanarak, psikoloji ve ekonomik davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiye dair iyi tanımlanmış bir hipotez ve varsayımların en az üç açıdan açıklığa kavuşturulması gerektiği ileri sürülmektedir: birincisi, "anahtar faktörlerin belirlenmesi". ruh halini etkileyen"; ikincisi "davranış, inanç ve psikoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi keşfetmek"; üçüncüsü ise "farklı insan gruplarının psikolojik, inanç ve davranışlarının ekonomik kararlar üzerindeki olası etkilerinin dikkate alınması". Bu doğrultuda politika yapıcılar için bir dizi makul öneri üretilecektir.

Keywords

Davranışsal iktisat, iktisat psikolojisi, İslam iktisadı, ihtiyaçların farklılaşması.

Importance of Psychology of Different Groups in Economics from A Religious Perspective

Abstract

Despite all the recent discoveries in behavioral psychology, ethics, religion, and finance, the spirit of homo- Despite all the recent discoveries in behavioral psychology, ethics, religion, and finance, the spirit of homo-economicus still dominates contemporary economics, political science, and sociology. The old parts of the political economy reveal that leading figures such as Ibn Khaldun, Weber, Bacon, Hobbes, and Smith were not apostles of pure economic rationality and a materialistic mindset. While most of these thinkers plausibly endorsed "rationality" in the context of social and cultural realities, they were also aware of the systematic irrationality of cognitive biases that were later "discovered" by contemporary behavioral economists. We are trying to answer the question, "are there a discrepancy or non-complacency in rationality understanding of economic decisions based on differing needs of economic agencts from a religious perspective?". So, based on assumptions that religion, economis and psychology are effecting each other, it is argued that a well-defined hypothesis and assumptions on the relationship between psychology and economic behaviors need to be cleared at least three aspects: first, "identifying key factors that influence mood"; second "exploring the relationship between behavior, faith, and psychology"; and third "considering the possible effects of psychology, faith, and behaviors of different groups of people on economic decisions”. A set of reasonable suggestions for policy makers is going to be produced in this direction.

Keywords

Behavioral economics, psychology of economics, Islamic economics, differentiation of needs.

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