İznik Metamorfitleri'nin Çok Düşük Dereceli Metamorfizma Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi (Armutlu Yarımadası, KB Türkiye) / Investigations of Very Low Grade Metamorphism Properties of the İznik Metamorphics (Armutlu Peninsula, NW Turkey)

Year 2023, , 75 - 106, 31.01.2023

Sema Tetiker

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1121834

Abstract

İnceleme alanı Armutlu Yarımadası’nda Armutlu-Ovacık zonu içerisinde yüzeyleyen Karakaya Karmaşığı’nı (Alt Karakaya-AKK) temsil eden düşük dereceli metamorfik kökenli birimleri kapsamaktadır. Bu kapsamda İznik ve Yenişehir (Bursa) yörelerinde arazi çalışmalarıyla örnekler alınmış olup, örneklerde petrografik (optik mikroskop, SEM) ve mineralojik (XRD) incelemeler yapılmıştır. AKK birimlerinden İznik Metamorfitleri yeşil sist fasiyesi (metakumtaşı, sleyt, şist, kuvarsit, metagabro, metavolkanit, dolomitik mermer) kayalarla temsil edilmektedir. AKK birimlerinde bolluk sırasına göre kuvars, fillosilikat (illit, klorit, C-V, kaolinit, I-V, smektit, stilpnomelan, paragonit, serpentin), feldispat, kalsit, piroksen (ojit), dolomit, amfibol (hornblend, tremolit/aktinolit, antofillit) ve opak (hematit, götit) mineralleri tanımlanmıştır. AKK Birimi’ne ait şamozitik bileşimli trioktahedral kloritler IIb; illitler ise 2M1 ve 2M+1M politipine sahiptir. Kübler İndeksi (KI; Δ2) değerleri 0,19-0,41 Δ2 (ortalama 0,25 Δ2) olup, epimetamorfik ve yüksek ankimetamorfik dereceyi işaret etmektedir. AI (Δ2) değerleri 0,26-0,32 Δ2 (ortalama 0,29 Δ2) olup illit Kübler indeksi verileriyle uyumludur. Fenjitik bileşimli dioktahedral illitlerde b0 değerleri (Å) 8,952-9,030 Å (ortalama 8,995 Å) olup düşük-orta basınç fasiyes serisi bölgesinde yer almaktadır. AKK temsil eden İznik Metamorfitleri’nin litolojik, mineralojik ve kristal kimyasal parametre verileri (kristalinite, politipi ve b0) kuzeybatı ve iç-kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da yer alan (Nilüfer Birimi ve Turhal Metamorfitleri) eşdeğer birimler ile deneştirildiğinde, birimin Alt Karakaya’nın üst bölümüne (AKK-ÜB) karşılık gelen yeşilşist fasiyesine sahip metamorfizm koşullarına işaret etmektedir. Petrografik ve mineralojik veriler (parajenez, KI, AI, b0, indeks mineral birliktelikleri) İznik Metamorfitleri’nin Permiyen-Erken Kretase döneminde Alt yeşil şist (yüksek ankizon-epizon) fasiyesinde metamorfizm geçirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Karakaya Karmaşığı, İllit kristalinite, b0, Paragonit, Alpin metamorfizma

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

116Y387

Investigations of Very Low Grade Metamorphism Properties of the İznik Metamorphics (Armutlu Peninsula, NW Turkey)

Abstract

The study area included low-grade metamorphic units representing the Karakaya Complex (Lower Karakaya-LKC) outcropping in the Armutlu-Ovacık zone in the Armutlu Peninsula. In this study, samples were collected during field work in the Iznik and Yenişehir (Bursa) regions, and petrographic (optical microscope, SEM) and mineralogical (XRD) examinations were performed. Among the LKC units, the Iznik Metamorphics are represented by greenstone facies rocks (metasandstone, slate, schist, quartzite, metagabbro, metavolcanic, dolomitic marble). Quartz, phyllosilicate (illite, chlorite, C-V, kaolinite, I-V, smectite, stilpnomelane, paragonite, antigorite), feldspar, calcite, pyroxene (augite), dolomite, amphibole (hornblende, tremolite/actinolite, anthophyllite) and opaque minerals (hematite and goethite) were identified in descending order of abundance among the LKC unit. The trioctahedral chlorites with chamosite composition had the IIb polytype, whereas the illites had 2M1 and 2M+1M polytypes. The Kübler Index (KI; Δ2) values were in the range of 0.19-0.41 Δ2 (mean: 0.25 Δ2), which indicates epi-metamorphic and very low metamorphic grade. The AI (Δ2) values were in the range of 0.26-0.32 Δ2 (mean: 0.29 Δ2), which is compatible with the Kübler Index data from illites. Dioctahedral illites with phengite compositions had b0 values (Å) in the range of 8.952-9.030 Å (mean: 8.995 Å), and they were in the low- to moderate-pressure facies sequence. Comparing the lithological, mineralogical and crystal chemistry parameter data (crystallinity, polytype and b0) of the Iznik metamorphics representing LKC to those of equivalent units found in central-northeastern Anatolia (Nilüfer Unit and Turhal Metamorphics), the unit showed diagenesis-metamorphism conditions with greenstone facies corresponding to the upper part of the Lower Karakaya (LKC-UP). Petrographic and mineralogical data (paragenesis, KI, AI, b0, index mineral associations) revealed that the Iznik Metamorphics were affected by lower greenschist (high anchizone-epizone) metamorphism during the Permian-Early Cretaceous period.

Keywords

Karakaya Complex, Illite crystallinity, paragonite, b0, Alpine metamorphism

Project Number

116Y387

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