Karstic Formations of the Eastern Black Sea: Geotourism Potential of Karaca (Torul, Gümüşhane) and Çal (Düzköy, Trabzon) Caves

Abstract

The sedimentary rock groups in Türkiye, which comprise valuable geological heritage, have been the focus of important publications worldwide, first in palaeontology and then in sedimentology. The distribution of sedimentological units on the geological map of Türkiye is very diverse and corresponds to the palaeotectonic history of the region. The rocks suitable for karstification, mainly carbonate rock groups, have a significant volume in Türkiye. This volume, together with the effects of the climate zone and tectonics, has led to the formation of karstic caves and sinkholes on a large scale. These karstic structures have created natural resources that attract tourists. Today, geotourism is a concept that combines both geological and touristic assets. The total number of visitors in the 4-year period between 2020 and 2023 was 355,923 in Karaca Cave and 514,947 in Çal Cave. As examples of geological resource assets in regions with limited economic development, attempts to evaluate Karaca and Çal caves in terms of tourism can be measured as the important contribution of karst structures to tourism potential in the Eastern Black Sea region. This study showed that rocks of sedimentary origin have a regional, global, and sustainable impact in the context of geotourism and play a role both in geological terms and as tourist attractions.

Keywords

• Çal Cave
• Eastern Black Sea
• geotourism
• Karaca Cave
• karstic

Doğu Karadeniz’in Karstik Oluşumları: Karaca (Torul, Gümüşhane) ve Çal (Düzköy, Trabzon) Mağaralarının Jeoturizm Potansiyeli

Abstract

Türkiye’de jeolojik miras kaynak değerlerini de içeren sedimanter kayaç grupları; ilk önce paleontolojisi devamında sedimantolojisi olmak üzere dünya çapında önemli yayınlara ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Sedimantolojik birimlerin Türkiye jeoloji haritasındaki yayılımı, paleotektonik geçmişine paralel olarak çok çeşitlidir. Başta karbonatlı kayaç grupları olmak üzere karstlaşmaya uygun kayaçlar Türkiye’de önemli bir yayılıma sahiptir. Bu kayaçlar, iklim kuşağı ve tektoniğin etkileriyle birlikte yeryüzü ölçeğinde karstik mağara ve düdenlerin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu karstik yapılar, doğal kaynak değer olarak turizmde cazibe merkezlerini de oluşturmuştur. Günümüzde jeoturizm hem jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik hem de turistik değerleri birleştiren bir kavramdır. 2020-2023 yılları arasındaki 4 yıllık süre içindeki toplam ziyaretçi sayıları; Karaca Mağarası’na 355.923 kişi ve Çal Mağarası’na da 514.947 kişi olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Ekonomik gelişimi sınırlı olan bölgelerdeki jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik kaynak değerlerine örnek olan Karaca ve Çal mağaralarının turizm faaliyetlerinde kullanılma girişimleri, bu karstik yapıların, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü içindeki turizm potansiyeline olan katkısı ile ölçülebilmektedir. Bu çalışma, sedimanter kökenli kayaçların (çözünebilir kayaçlar) hem ekonomik hem de yerbilimsel özelliklerinin yanında, jeoturizm kaynak değeri olarak bölgeselden-küresele sürdürülebilir bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Çal Mağarası
• Doğu Karadeniz
• jeoturizm
• Karaca Mağarası
• karstik

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