Sedimantolojik Proksilere Göre Potansiyel Toksik Element Kaynaklı Ekolojik Risk Seviyesinin Analizi: Gölyazı Litoral Zonu (Uluabat Gölü – Bursa) Örneği / Analysis of Ecological Risk Levels Due to Potential Toxic Elements Based on Sedimentological Proxies: Gölyazı Littoral Zone (Uluabat Lake – Bursa) Example

Abstract

Biyoçeşitlilik açısından oldukça önemli olan göl ekosistemlerinde son yıllarda hızla artan antropojenik faaliyetlerin yol açtığı degradasyonel değişimler dikkat çekmektedir. Göl ekosistemlerindeki ortam bozulmasında potansiyel toksik element (PTE) kontaminasyonunun rolü oldukça fazladır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin önemli sulak alanlarından biri olan Uluabat (Apolyont) Gölü’nde yer alan ve üzerinde Gölyazı yerleşmesinin yer aldığı tombolo kıyılarındaki ekolojik riske odaklanmıştır. Tombolo kıyısı boyunca göl tabanından alınan sediment örneklerinin organik karbon ve klorofil bozunma ürünleri analizleri yanı sıra ICP-MS ile belirlenen PTE değerlerinden zenginleşme faktörü (EF), kontaminasyon faktörü (CF), modifiye kontaminasyon faktörü (mCD), toksik risk indeksi (TRI), kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI), ekolojik risk indeksi (mER) ve potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (PER) hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre; göl sedimentlerinde PTE konsantrasyonu açısından Fe (29.200) > Al (21.500) > Mn (962) > Ni (256) > Cr (101) > Zn (90)> As (39) > Pb (37) > Cu (31) > Co (20) şeklinde bir sıralanma söz konusudur. EF verilerine göre PTE’lerin zenginleşme düzeyi Ni (10,31) > As (8,24) > Pb (5.05) > Mn (3,12) > Cr (3,08) > Co (2,81) > Zn (2,58) > Fe (2,30) > Cu (1,88) şeklindedir. PTE kaynaklı ekolojik risk seviyesi Ni (51), Co (41), Pb (25), As (24), Cu (10) olup ortalama potansiyel ekolojik risk seviyesi 161’dir. Gölyazı yerleşmesi çevresindeki litoral zonda Cu hariç diğer tüm PTE’ler belirli miktarda zenginleşmiştir. Göldeki en riskli ekolojik risk kaynağı Ni olarak belirlenmiştir. Orta derecede ekolojik risk tespit edilen göldeki başlıca antropojenik risk kaynakları tarım, endüstri ve yerleşme atıklarıdır.

Keywords

• Göl ekolojisi
• Ekolojik risk
• Potansiyel toksik element kontaminasyonu
• Sedimantoloji
• Uluabat Gölü
• Limnoloji

Supporting Institution

TUBİTAK

Project Number

2209-A

Thanks

Bu proje TÜBİTAK 2209-A- Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. TÜBİTAK’a verdikleri destekten ötürü teşekkür ederiz.

Analysis of Ecological Risk Levels Due to Potential Toxic Elements Based on Sedimentological Proxies: Gölyazı Littoral Zone (Uluabat Lake – Bursa) Example

Abstract

Degradational changes caused by rapidly increasing anthropogenic activities in recent years in lake ecosystems, which are crucial for biodiversity, have attracted attention. Potentially toxic element (PTE) contamination plays a significant role in environmental degradation in lake ecosystems. This study focused on the ecological risk along the tombolo shores of Lake Uluabat (Apolyont), one of Turkey's important wetlands, where Gölyazı settlement is located. Sediment samples taken from the lake bottom along the tombolo shore were analysed for organic carbon and chlorophyll degradation products. Furthermore, the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), modified contamination factor (mCD), toxic risk index (TRI), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (mER), and potential ecological risk index (PER) were calculated using PTE values determined by ICP-MS. Based on the obtained data, the PTE concentration in lake sediments is in the following order: Fe (29200) > Al (21500) > Mn (962) > Ni (256) > Cr (101) > Zn (90)> As (39) > Pb (37) > Cu (31) > Co (20). According to EF data, the enrichment level of PTEs is Ni (10.31) > As (8.24) > Pb (5.05) > Mn (3.12) > Cr (3.08) > Co (2.81) > Zn (2.58) > Fe (2.30) > Cu (1.88). The ecological risk level from PTEs is Ni (51), Co (41), Pb (25), As (24), Cu (10) and the average potential ecological risk level is 161. In the littoral zone around Gölyazı settlement, all PTEs except Cu are enriched to a certain extent. Ni was identified as the ecological risk source with highest risk in the lake. The main anthropogenic risk sources in the lake, where a moderate ecological risk was identified, are agricultural, industrial, and settlement wastes.

Keywords

• Lake ecology
• Ecological risk
• Potential toxic element contamination
• Sedimentology
• Uluabat Lake
• Limnology

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

2209-A

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