The Sedimentological Properties and Priliminary Results of Palaeoenvironmental Development of Middle-Late Pleistocene Gürlek-Kocabaş (Denizli) and Örtülü (Afyon) Travertines, SW-Turkey

Abstract

This study includes the prilimary results of the Gürlek-Kocabaş (Denizli) and Örtülü (Afyon) travertines precipitated within the similar depositional systems and the comparative investigation of the sedimentary processes and depositional periods of these terrestrial carbonates. The investigated areas are located within the NW-SE trending Denizli Graben (Gürlek-Kocabaş) and NE-SW trending Acıgöl Graben (Örtülü) that adjacent to each other which started to develop due to the extentional tectonic regime in the neotectonic period in SW-Turkey. 

Gürlek-Kocabaş travertines are deposited in shallow-pool like depression depositional system where the marshpool and flat-pool facies are observed. On the other hand Örtülü travertines have been determined in this study where could be precipitated in higher energy environment like slope depositional system and also in lower energy environment like shallow-pool depositional system. While the lateral expanded of the Gürlek-Kocabaş travertines is hundreds of meters, the Örtülü travertines continued few hundred meters and then they changed to the fluvial tufas towards Acigöl Graben. Palaeosol levels are significantly observed in two travertine deposits. According to the first pollen data, the existence of pollens (Pinaceae, Cedrus, Artemisia, Quercus), which are generally belonging to herbaceous and gymnosperms plants, are important data of climatic fluctuation. The presence of the Artemisia form  in the investigated samples suggests the cool and arid climatic conditions in the precipitation of these terrestrial carbonates. 

According to radiometric dating, two travertine deposits are precipitated in Middle-Late Pleistocene. In this study is also determined that Gürlek-Kocabaş travertines continued to precipitate until 85 ka but Örtülü travertine accumulations ceased approximately 308 ka ago.

Keywords

• Depositional settings,lithofacies,Middle-late Pleistocene,palynology,SW-Turkey,travertine

Orta-Geç Pleyistosen Yaşlı Gürlek-Kocabaş (Denizli) ve Örtülü (Afyon) Travertenlerinin Sedimantolojik Özellikleri ve Paleoortamsal Gelişimine ait ilk bulgular (GB-Türkiye)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, benzer depolanma sistemi içerisinde çökelmiş olan Gürlek-Kocabaş (Denizli) ile Örtülü (Afyon) travertenlerinin sedimantolojik özellikleri ile bu karasal karbonatların çökelme koşullarının ve döneminin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi sonucu elde edilen ilk bulguları içermektedir. İnceleme alanları, GB-Türkiye’deki neotektonik dönemde genişleme tektoniğine bağlı olarak açılmaya başlamış birbirlerine komşu, KB-GD uzanımlı Denizli Grabeni (Gürlek-Kocabaş) ile KD-GB uzanımlı Acıgöl Grabeni (Örtülü) içinde yer almaktadır. Gürlek-Kocabaş travertenlerinin bataklık-havuz ve havuz düzlüğü fasiyeslerinin gözlendiği, sığ-havuz gibi çöküntü depolanma sistemi içinde çökelmiş olduğu, Örtülü travertenlerinin ise, yer yer ortam enerjisinin daha yüksek olduğu yamaç depolanma sisteminde ve aynı zamanda sığ, otsul, enerjisi daha düşük sığ-havuz depolanma sisteminde çökelmiş olabileceği yapılan bu çalışmada belirlenmiştir.

Gürlek-Kocabaş travertenlerinin yanal devamlılığı yüzlerce metre sürerken, Örtülü travertenleri, birkaç yüz metre devam etmekte ve daha sonra Acıgöl Graben’ine doğru akarsu tufalarına geçiş göstermektedir. Paleosol seviyeleri, iki traverten çökelinde de belirgin olarak gözlenmektedir. Elde edilen ilk polen verilerine göre, genellikle otsul ve açık tohumlu bitkilere ait polenlerin varlığı (Pinaceae, Cedrus, Artemisia, Quercus) bölgede iklimsel salınımlar açısından da önemli veriler içermektedir. İncelenen örneklerde Artemisia formunun varlığı, bu karasal karbonatların çökeliminde, serin ve kurak iklim koşullarını işaret etmektedir. 

U/Th radyometrik yaş tayinlerine göre, iki traverten çökeli Orta-Geç Pleyistosen döneminde çökelmiş ancak Gürlek-Kocabaş travertenleri, çökelimine 85 bin yıl’a kadar devam etmiş olmasına rağmen, Örtülü travertenlerinin çökelimi yaklaşık 308 bin yıl önce tamamen sonlanmış olduğu bu çalışmada belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Depolanma ortamları,GB-Türkiye,litofasiyes,Orta-Geç Pleyistosen,palinoloji,traverten

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