Yeşilırmak Taraçalarında (Orta Kuzey Anadolu) Geç Pleyistosen İklim Değişiklikleri ve Düşey Yönlü Deformasyona Akarsu Cevabının Araştırılması

Abstract

Fosilleşmiş taşkın ovası çökelleri olarak da tanımlanan akarsu taraça basamaklanması, akarsuların gelişim süreci üzerindeki iklim, kaide seviyesi ve genç tektonik etkinin analitik olarak belirlenmesi için önemli kayıtlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın odağında bulunan Yeşilırmak Nehri’nin Çekerek Irmağı ile birleştiği Geldingen Ovası’nın (Amasya) güney kesiminde, her iki akarsuyun kenarlarında bulunan depolanmalı taraça sistemi çalışılmıştır. Bu taraça sistemi, güncel nehir taşkın ovasından +70 metre üst kotlara kadar ulaşan üç basamaktan oluşmaktadır. Bu basamakların gelişim süreci, farklı seviyelerinden elde edilen toplam 12 adet örneğin lüminesans yöntemi kullanılarak tarihlendirilmesi ile araştırılmıştır.

Elde edilen sonuçlar, taraça seviyelerinin Son Buzul Çağı içerisinde güncel taşkın ovasından T3 (+70), T2 (+35) ve T1(+15) metre göreceli konumlarda, sırasıyla MIS5a, MIS3 ve LGM sonu dönemleri içerisinde depolandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen depolanmalı/aşınmalı dönemlerin, Türkiye ve yakın çevresinde gerçekleştirilen iklim değişikliği kayıtları ve Karadeniz seviye değişimleri ile karşılaştırılması, inceleme alanında taraça oluşumunun, son buzul dönemi içerisinde Doğu Akdeniz için tanımlanan yağışlı/kurak dönemlerle uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Her üç taraçanın terkedilme zamanı ve konumu oranlandığında, Kuzey Anadolu Fayı Zonu’nun içbükey sıkışmalı bir büklüm yaptığı orta kesiminde ortalama 0.94±0.26 mm/yıl yükselme hızı hesaplanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Akarsu taraçaları,İklim değişikliği,Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu,Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (OSL),tektonik yükselme hızı,Yeşilırmak

Investigating the Fluvial Response to Late Pleistocene Climate Changes and Vertical Deformation: Yeşilırmak Terrace Staircases (central north Anatolia)

Abstract

River terraces are remnants of former river floodplains that are fossilized above present-day river channels, often in staircase systems. The formation of terrace staircases is attributed to both tectonic, climate and sea/base level changes. Variations in tectonic and climatic conditions cause perturbations in the fluvial system, which, over time, lead to widening of valley floors, aggradation and incision, thereby producing terraces representing the complex response of the fluvial system to the chances in variables listed above.

This study reports on the formation of terrace staircases at Yeşilırmak River system of central northwest Anatolia, near Geldingen Plain (Amasya). The depositional steps reaching +70 m (above today’s recent floodplain), have been mapped and dated by using luminescence method which reveals that terrace formation started at early late Pleistocene and continued within Last Glacial Period. The terrace steps, namely T3 (+70 m), T2 (+35 m) and T1 (+15) were deposited during MIS5a, MIS3 and end of LGM.  The correlation with the adjacent climate archives reveals that the terraces are formed primarily in response to climatically induced fluctuations in river discharge and sediment supply. Relative positions of the terrace risers and abandonment ages, enables us to calculate a long-term vertical uplift rate of 0.94±0.26 mm/year at the study area, located to the south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone.

Keywords

• River Terraces,Climate Change,Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL),tectonic uplift rate,Yeşilırmak,North Anatolian Fault Zone

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