Yeşilırmak Taraçalarında (Orta Kuzey Anadolu) Geç Pleyistosen İklim Değişiklikleri ve Düşey Yönlü Deformasyona Akarsu Cevabının Araştırılması

Year 2017, , 615 - 636, 29.12.2017

Korhan Erturaç , Nafiye Güneç Kıyak

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.370625

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Fosilleşmiş taşkın ovası çökelleri olarak
da tanımlanan akarsu taraça basamaklanması, akarsuların gelişim süreci üzerindeki
iklim, kaide seviyesi ve genç tektonik etkinin analitik olarak belirlenmesi
için önemli kayıtlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın odağında bulunan Yeşilırmak
Nehri’nin Çekerek Irmağı ile birleştiği Geldingen Ovası’nın (Amasya) güney
kesiminde, her iki akarsuyun kenarlarında bulunan depolanmalı taraça sistemi
çalışılmıştır. Bu taraça sistemi, güncel nehir taşkın ovasından +70 metre üst
kotlara kadar ulaşan üç basamaktan oluşmaktadır. Bu basamakların gelişim süreci,
farklı seviyelerinden elde edilen toplam 12 adet örneğin lüminesans yöntemi kullanılarak
tarihlendirilmesi ile araştırılmıştır.

Elde edilen sonuçlar, taraça
seviyelerinin Son Buzul Çağı içerisinde güncel taşkın ovasından T3 (+70), T2
(+35) ve T1(+15) metre göreceli konumlarda, sırasıyla MIS5a, MIS3 ve LGM sonu dönemleri
içerisinde depolandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen depolanmalı/aşınmalı
dönemlerin, Türkiye ve yakın çevresinde gerçekleştirilen iklim değişikliği
kayıtları ve Karadeniz seviye değişimleri ile karşılaştırılması, inceleme
alanında taraça oluşumunun, son buzul dönemi içerisinde Doğu Akdeniz için
tanımlanan yağışlı/kurak dönemlerle uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Her üç
taraçanın terkedilme zamanı ve konumu oranlandığında, Kuzey Anadolu Fayı
Zonu’nun içbükey sıkışmalı bir büklüm yaptığı orta kesiminde ortalama 0.94±0.26
mm/yıl yükselme hızı hesaplanmaktadır.

Keywords

Akarsu taraçaları, İklim değişikliği, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu, Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (OSL), tektonik yükselme hızı, Yeşilırmak

Investigating the Fluvial Response to Late Pleistocene Climate Changes and Vertical Deformation: Yeşilırmak Terrace Staircases (central north Anatolia)

Abstract

River
terraces are remnants of former river floodplains that are fossilized above
present-day river channels, often in staircase systems. The formation of
terrace staircases is attributed to both tectonic, climate and sea/base level
changes. Variations in tectonic and climatic conditions cause perturbations in
the fluvial system, which, over time, lead to widening of valley floors,
aggradation and incision, thereby producing terraces representing the complex response
of the fluvial system to the chances in variables listed above.

This study reports on
the formation of terrace staircases at Yeşilırmak River system of central
northwest Anatolia, near Geldingen Plain (Amasya). The depositional steps
reaching +70 m (above today’s recent floodplain), have been mapped and dated by
using luminescence method which reveals that terrace formation started at early
late Pleistocene and continued within Last Glacial Period. The terrace steps,
namely T3 (+70 m), T2 (+35 m) and T1 (+15) were deposited during MIS5a, MIS3
and end of LGM.  The correlation with the
adjacent climate archives reveals that the terraces are formed primarily in
response to climatically induced fluctuations in river discharge and sediment
supply. Relative positions of the terrace risers and abandonment ages, enables
us to calculate a long-term vertical uplift rate of 0.94±0.26 mm/year at
the study area, located to the south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone.

Keywords

River Terraces, Climate Change, Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL), tectonic uplift rate, Yeşilırmak, North Anatolian Fault Zone

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