Gümüldür Fayının Morfometrik ve Kinematik Analizi ve Batı Anadolu’daki Sismotektonik Anlamı

Abstract

Kuşadası Körfezi’ni kuzeyden sınırlayan Gümüldür Fayı (GF), yaklaşık 30 km uzunluğuyla Karacadağ ile Ege Denizi arasında keskin bir morfolojik sarplık sunar. Bu çalışmada, fay boyunca gelişen jeomorfolojik belirteçler ve morfometrik parametreler arazi çalışmalarıyla birlikte değerlendirilmiş ve buna göre Gümüldür Fayı’nın Kuvaterner dönem aktivitesi ile bölgesel yükselim hızına dair veriler elde edilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları Gümüldür Fayı’nın genel olarak K40°-75°B doğrultulu, 60°-83° GB eğimli (eğim açısı batıya doğru artan) ve kuzeydoğuya doğru dış bükey bir geometri sergileyen eğim atımlı normal fay olduğunu göstermektedir. Dağ önü cephesi eğriliği (Smf: 1,13-1,56), vadi tabanı genişliği-yüksekliği oranı (Vf; 0,10-1,00), üçgen yüzey oranı Lf/Ls (B: 4,75-88,35; K: 0,12-9,30), asimetri faktörü (AF: 19-78), havza şekli geometrisi (Bs: 1,05-5,8), akarsu eğim-uzunluk (Hack) indisi (SL: 25-6094,44), hipsometrik eğri ve hipsometrik eğri integral (HI: 0,16-0,53) ve kaya dayanım parametreleri gibi morfometrik indislerin kantitatif ölçümü, fayın taban bloğunun 0,5 mm’den daha fazla bir hızla yükseldiğine ve fayın yüksek derecede aktif olarak değerlendirilebileceğine işaret etmektedir. Geometrik olarak üç segmentten oluşan GF üzerinde yapılan kinematik çalışmalara göre bölgede KKD-GGB yönündeki bir genişleme rejiminin denetiminde geliştiği, üç segmentin bağımsız olarak kırılması halinde Payamlı segmenti 6,12 büyüklüğünde, Gümüldür ana segmenti 6,45 büyüklüğünde, Ahmetbeyli segmenti ise 5,78 büyüklüğünde, tek segment olarak kırılması halinde ise magnitüdü 6,81’e ulaşabilecek depremler üretebilecek potansiyeli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu nedenle Gümüldür Fayı’nın geçmiş dönem aktivitesini ortaya çıkartmak ve bölgedeki sismik tehlike düzeyini belirlemek için hendek tabanlı paleosismolojik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Morfometrik analiz
• Kinematik analiz
• Gümüldür Fayı
• Batı Anadolu

Morphometric and Kinematic Analysis of the Gümüldür Fault and Its Seismotectonic Implications for Western Anatolia

Abstract

Kuşadası Bay, which is controlled by active normal faults, is located in an evolving graben in the west of the Western Anatolian Extension System. Gümüldür Fault (GF), which restricts Kuşadası Bay to the north, has approximately 30 km long, fragmented structure between Ürkmez and Ahmetbeyli. GF, which strikes N (50o-55o) W direction, forms a sharp morphological escarpment between Ürkmez and Ahmetbeyli starting from Paleozoic basement rocks to Quaternary alluvium units. The dip angle of the fault planes increases to the west (40o-85oSW), and the fault is a dip-slip active normal fault with convex structure and geometry toward the northeast. To unravel the Quaternary activity of Gümüldür Fault and the evaluation of the regional uplift, morphometric and kinematic analysis was performed for the first time on the fault that includes well-preserved geomorphological markers. Quantitative measurement of morphometric indices such as mountain front sinuosity (Smf: 1.13-1.56), valley floor width to height ratio (Vf: 0.10-1.00), percentage faceting Lf/Ls ([L: 4.75-88.35, S: 0.12-9.30]), asymmetry factor (AF: 19-78 ), basin shape geometry (Bs: 1.05-5.98), stream length gradient (Hack) index (SL: 25-6094.44), hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (HI: 0.16-0.53) and rock strength and climate parameters indicate that the footwall of the GF has been uplifting toward the west with more than 0.5 mm per year. According to kinematic studies of the GF, which is geometrically composed of three parts, the region developed under the control of an extensional regime oriented NNE-SSW. If it is broken into seperate segments, it has the potential to produce earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.12, 6,45 and 5.78, respectively. If considered as a single segment, it has the potential to produce earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.81 in Kuşadası Bay. For this reason, trench-based paleoseismological studies are needed to reveal the past activity of Gümüldür Fault and to determine the seismic hazard level in the region.

Keywords

• Morphometric analysis
• Kinematic analysis
• Gümüldür Fault
• Western Anatolia

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