Theoretical Article
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İŞYERİ RUHSALLIĞI VE İŞ TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞLANTININ KEŞFEDİLMESİ VE GELECEK ARAŞTIRMA ÖNERİLERİ

Year 2024, , 84 - 96, 28.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.55830/tje.1458057

Abstract

Çalışanlar örgütsel yaşamda bölümlendirme tehdidiyle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bölümlendirme tehdidi, bireyin hayata bütüncül bir şekilde bakmasını engelleyerek bireyin hayatında tek bir pratiğin egemen olmasını teşvik etmektedir. Örneğin, bireyler bölümlendirme tehdidi yüzünden iş, aile, dost ilişkilerini ayrı bölümler halinde deneyimlemektedir. İşyeri ruhsallığı, çalışanların anlam arayışını, bağlantı ihtiyacını, içsel yaşam için fırsatların peşinde koşmasını, topluluk hissiyatını deneyimlemesini, sadece bilişsel, duyuşsal ve entelektüel sermayesini işyerine getirmesini değil ruhsal sermayesini de işyerine getirmesini ifade eder. Çalışmanın amacı, işyeri ruhsallığı ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, çalışanların ruhsallığının pozitif olması, iş tatmini konusunda olumlu sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu durum çalışanların iş tatminini yükselterek, çalışma hayatlarına ve çalıştıkları yerlere aidiyet duygusunu pekiştirmektedir ve performanslarını iyileştirerek örgütsel başarının artmasını sağlamaktadır. Memnuniyet duygusu kurumlardan ayrılmak isteyenlerin sayısını azaltır ve hem çalışanın hem kurumun başarısını olumlu yönde etkiler. Çalışma bu ilişkiyi tespit ederken, aynı zamanda gelecek araştırmacılar için önerilerde de bulunmuştur.

References

  • Abbas, M., Idrees, N., & Rehman, U. (2020). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction: Evidence from pharmaceutical industry of Karachi, Pakistan. Global Business Spectrum, 1(1), 12-20.
  • Aftab, J., Sarwar, H., Kiran, A., Qureshi, M. I., Ishaq, M. I., Ambreen, S., & Kayani, A. J. (2023). Ethical leadership, workplace spirituality, and job satisfaction: moderating role of self-efficacy. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(12), 5880-5899.
  • Ahmad, A., & Omar, Z. (2014). Reducing deviant behavior through workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 10(19), 107.
  • Akhtar, S., Arshad, M. A., Mahmood, A., & Ahmed, A. (2018). Gaining recognition of Islamic spiritual intelligence for organisational sustainability. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(1), 70–77.
  • Altaf, A., & Awan, M. (2011). Moderating effect of workplace spirituality on the relationship of job overload and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(1), 93-99.
  • Ashmos, D., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at Work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
  • Astuti, R. J., Maryatı, T., & Harsono, M. (2020). The effect of workplace spirituality on workplace deviant behavior and employee performance: The role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 1017-1026.
  • Baloğlu, N., ve Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Üzerine Teorik Bir Çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 15(58), 165-190.
  • Baykal Narcıkara, E. (2018). Spiritüelite (Ruhsallık) ve İş Ortamında Anlam Arayışı. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 1(1), 11-25.
  • Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V., & Pandey, A. (2018). The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors–an empirical study. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(2), 410-430.
  • Berzah, M., ve Çakır, M. (2015). İş Hayatında Ruhsallığı Yaklaşımı Ne Vadediyor?/ What do the morale values promise in business world? Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(26), 135-149.
  • Bogler, R. (2001). The Influence of Leadership Style on Teacher Job Satisfaction. Educational Administration Quarterly, (37), 657-681.
  • Bradley, J., & Kauanui, S. K. (2003). Comparing spirituality on three southern California college campuses. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 448–462.
  • Burack, E. (1999). Spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(4), 280-292.
  • Byrne, C.J., Morton, D.M. & Dahling, J.J. (2011). Spirituality, religion, and emotional labor in the workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, Vol. 8 No. 4, 299-315.
  • Cavanagh, G. F., & Bandsuch, M. R. (2002). Virtue as a benchmark for spirituality in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 109-117.
  • Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, Equality, and Need: What Determines Which Values Will be Used as Determinants of Distributive Justice? Journal of Social Issues, (31), 137-149.
  • Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-834.
  • Ettore de Carvalho Oriol, E., & Gomes, M. B. (2022). Influence of workplace spirituality in the job satisfaction of the public sector employees. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado, 13(3), 1533-1557.
  • Feldman, D. C. (1985). Managing individual and group behavior in organizations. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • Garg, N. (2017). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: An empirical exploration. Journal of Human Values, 23(2), 129-147.
  • Garg, N., Punia, B., & Jain, A. (2019). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction: exploring mediating effect of organization citizenship behaviour. Vision, 23(3), 287-296.
  • Gemmil, G., & Heisler, W. (1972). Machiavellianism as a Factor in Managerial Job Strain, Job Satisfaction, and Upward Mobility. Academy of Management Journal, 15(1), 51-62.
  • Giacalone, R., & Jurkiewz, C. (2003). Science of Workplace Spirituality. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Göçen, A., ve Özğan, H. (2018). Okullarda İşyeri Ruhsallığı Gelişimi Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(67), 1120-1146.
  • Gupta, M., Kumar, M., & Singh, M. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 79-88.
  • Hafni, L., Budiyanto, B., Suhermin, S., Chandra, T., & Priyono, P. (2020). The role of workplace spirituality in improving job satisfaction and lecturer performance. Journal of Talent Development and Excellence (JTDE), 12(3s), 1262-1282.
  • Harrington, W., Preziosi, R., & Gooden, D. (2001). Perceptions of workplace spirituality among professionals and executives. Employee Responsibilities and Right Journals, 13(3), 155-163.
  • Hassan, M., Bin Nadeem, A., & Akhter, A. (2016). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction: Mediating effect of trust. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1-15.
  • Hirschfiel, R. (2000). Does revising the intrinsic and extrinsic subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire short form make a difference? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(2), 255-270.
  • Hunsaker, W. D., & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: the role of employee flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(6), 1355-1371. Rating role of religious affiliation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 34(5), 1125-1143.
  • Jin, J., Ju, H., Kim, K., & Park, Y. (2017). Effects of Nursing Workplace Spirituality on Job Satisfaction, Burnout and Turnover Intention among General Hospital Nurses. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 23(2), 142-150.
  • Keith, D. (1982). İşletmede İnsan Davranışı (5 b.). (K. Tosun, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Kolodinsky, R., Giacalone, R., & Jurkiewicz, C. (2008). Workplace values and outcomes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 465-480.
  • Konz, G., & Ryan, F. (1999). Maintaining an organizational spirituality: No easy task. Journal Of Change Management, 12(3), 200-210.
  • Köroğlu, Ö. (2012). İçsel ve dışsal iş doyum düzeyleri ile genel iş doyum düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi: turist rehberliği üzerinde bir araştırma. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13(2), 275-289.
  • Kriger, M., & Seng, Y. (2005). Leadership with inner meaning: A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religions. The Lidersheap Quarterly, 16(5), 771-806.
  • Kumar, V., & Kumar, S. (2015). Workplace spirituality: A strategic tool in organizational development. International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 5(4), 278-282.
  • Lawler, E., & Porter, L. (1967). The Effect of Performance on Job Satisfaction. Industrial Relations, 7(1), 20-28.
  • Locke, E. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Marques, J., Dhiman, S., & King, R. (2005). Spirituality in the workplace: Developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. Journal of American Academy of Business, 7(1), 81-91.
  • Marschke, E., Preziosi, R., & Harrington, W. (2011). How Sales Personnel View the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Spirituality in the Workplace. Journal of Organizational Culture, 15(2), 71-110.
  • Miller, D. (2007). God at work: The history and promise of the faith at work movement. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
  • Mitroff, I., & Denton, E. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Management Review, 40(4), 83.
  • Oshagbemi, T. (2000). Satisfaction with Co-Workers’ Behaviour. Employee Relations, 22(1), 88-106.
  • Örgev, M., ve Günalan, M. (2011). İşyeri Maneviyatı Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 51-64.
  • Payne, S. (2010). Leadership and spirituality: business in the USA. The International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 6(2), 68–72.
  • Pfeffer, J. (2010). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. In Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 43-59). Routledge.
  • Robson, A. (2015). Constancy and integrity: (un) measurable virtues?. Business ethics: A European review, 24, S115-S129.
  • Schneider, K. T., DeSouza, E. R., & Durst, R. N. (2015). Links between workplace spirituality, job-related attitudes, and value fit in a non-profit agency. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 43(3), 199-210
  • Seyyar, A. (2009). Çalışma Hayatında ve İşyerinde Maneviyat. Kamuda Sosyal Politika, 3(11), 42-52.
  • Smith, J. A., & Rayment, J. J. (2007). The global SMP fitness framework: A guide for leaders exploring the relevance of spirituality in the workplace. Management Decision, 45(2), 217-234.
  • Şimşek, Ş., Akgemici, T., ve Çelik, A. (2003). Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Tischler, L., Biberman, J., & Mckeage, R. (2002). Linking emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance:Definitions, models and ideas for research. Journal of Managerial sychology, 17(3), 203-218.
  • Ugboro, I., & Obeng, K. (2000). Top Management Leadership, Employee Empowerment, Job Satisfaction, and Customer Satisfaction in TQM Organizations: An Empirical Study. Journal of Quality Management, 5(2), 247-272.
  • Vroom, V. H. (1967). Work And Motivation. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Zaidi, H., Ghayas, M., & Durrani, T. (2019). Impact of work place spirituality on job satisfaction. RADS Journal of Business Management, 1(1), 49-57.
  • Zhang, S. (2020). Workplace spirituality and unethical pro-organizational behavior: The mediating effect of job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 161(3), 687-705.
Year 2024, , 84 - 96, 28.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.55830/tje.1458057

Abstract

References

  • Abbas, M., Idrees, N., & Rehman, U. (2020). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction: Evidence from pharmaceutical industry of Karachi, Pakistan. Global Business Spectrum, 1(1), 12-20.
  • Aftab, J., Sarwar, H., Kiran, A., Qureshi, M. I., Ishaq, M. I., Ambreen, S., & Kayani, A. J. (2023). Ethical leadership, workplace spirituality, and job satisfaction: moderating role of self-efficacy. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(12), 5880-5899.
  • Ahmad, A., & Omar, Z. (2014). Reducing deviant behavior through workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 10(19), 107.
  • Akhtar, S., Arshad, M. A., Mahmood, A., & Ahmed, A. (2018). Gaining recognition of Islamic spiritual intelligence for organisational sustainability. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(1), 70–77.
  • Altaf, A., & Awan, M. (2011). Moderating effect of workplace spirituality on the relationship of job overload and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(1), 93-99.
  • Ashmos, D., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at Work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
  • Astuti, R. J., Maryatı, T., & Harsono, M. (2020). The effect of workplace spirituality on workplace deviant behavior and employee performance: The role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 1017-1026.
  • Baloğlu, N., ve Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Üzerine Teorik Bir Çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 15(58), 165-190.
  • Baykal Narcıkara, E. (2018). Spiritüelite (Ruhsallık) ve İş Ortamında Anlam Arayışı. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 1(1), 11-25.
  • Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V., & Pandey, A. (2018). The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors–an empirical study. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(2), 410-430.
  • Berzah, M., ve Çakır, M. (2015). İş Hayatında Ruhsallığı Yaklaşımı Ne Vadediyor?/ What do the morale values promise in business world? Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(26), 135-149.
  • Bogler, R. (2001). The Influence of Leadership Style on Teacher Job Satisfaction. Educational Administration Quarterly, (37), 657-681.
  • Bradley, J., & Kauanui, S. K. (2003). Comparing spirituality on three southern California college campuses. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 448–462.
  • Burack, E. (1999). Spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(4), 280-292.
  • Byrne, C.J., Morton, D.M. & Dahling, J.J. (2011). Spirituality, religion, and emotional labor in the workplace. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, Vol. 8 No. 4, 299-315.
  • Cavanagh, G. F., & Bandsuch, M. R. (2002). Virtue as a benchmark for spirituality in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 109-117.
  • Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, Equality, and Need: What Determines Which Values Will be Used as Determinants of Distributive Justice? Journal of Social Issues, (31), 137-149.
  • Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-834.
  • Ettore de Carvalho Oriol, E., & Gomes, M. B. (2022). Influence of workplace spirituality in the job satisfaction of the public sector employees. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado, 13(3), 1533-1557.
  • Feldman, D. C. (1985). Managing individual and group behavior in organizations. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • Garg, N. (2017). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: An empirical exploration. Journal of Human Values, 23(2), 129-147.
  • Garg, N., Punia, B., & Jain, A. (2019). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction: exploring mediating effect of organization citizenship behaviour. Vision, 23(3), 287-296.
  • Gemmil, G., & Heisler, W. (1972). Machiavellianism as a Factor in Managerial Job Strain, Job Satisfaction, and Upward Mobility. Academy of Management Journal, 15(1), 51-62.
  • Giacalone, R., & Jurkiewz, C. (2003). Science of Workplace Spirituality. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Göçen, A., ve Özğan, H. (2018). Okullarda İşyeri Ruhsallığı Gelişimi Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(67), 1120-1146.
  • Gupta, M., Kumar, M., & Singh, M. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 79-88.
  • Hafni, L., Budiyanto, B., Suhermin, S., Chandra, T., & Priyono, P. (2020). The role of workplace spirituality in improving job satisfaction and lecturer performance. Journal of Talent Development and Excellence (JTDE), 12(3s), 1262-1282.
  • Harrington, W., Preziosi, R., & Gooden, D. (2001). Perceptions of workplace spirituality among professionals and executives. Employee Responsibilities and Right Journals, 13(3), 155-163.
  • Hassan, M., Bin Nadeem, A., & Akhter, A. (2016). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction: Mediating effect of trust. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1-15.
  • Hirschfiel, R. (2000). Does revising the intrinsic and extrinsic subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire short form make a difference? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(2), 255-270.
  • Hunsaker, W. D., & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: the role of employee flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(6), 1355-1371. Rating role of religious affiliation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 34(5), 1125-1143.
  • Jin, J., Ju, H., Kim, K., & Park, Y. (2017). Effects of Nursing Workplace Spirituality on Job Satisfaction, Burnout and Turnover Intention among General Hospital Nurses. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 23(2), 142-150.
  • Keith, D. (1982). İşletmede İnsan Davranışı (5 b.). (K. Tosun, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Kolodinsky, R., Giacalone, R., & Jurkiewicz, C. (2008). Workplace values and outcomes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 465-480.
  • Konz, G., & Ryan, F. (1999). Maintaining an organizational spirituality: No easy task. Journal Of Change Management, 12(3), 200-210.
  • Köroğlu, Ö. (2012). İçsel ve dışsal iş doyum düzeyleri ile genel iş doyum düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi: turist rehberliği üzerinde bir araştırma. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13(2), 275-289.
  • Kriger, M., & Seng, Y. (2005). Leadership with inner meaning: A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religions. The Lidersheap Quarterly, 16(5), 771-806.
  • Kumar, V., & Kumar, S. (2015). Workplace spirituality: A strategic tool in organizational development. International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 5(4), 278-282.
  • Lawler, E., & Porter, L. (1967). The Effect of Performance on Job Satisfaction. Industrial Relations, 7(1), 20-28.
  • Locke, E. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Marques, J., Dhiman, S., & King, R. (2005). Spirituality in the workplace: Developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. Journal of American Academy of Business, 7(1), 81-91.
  • Marschke, E., Preziosi, R., & Harrington, W. (2011). How Sales Personnel View the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Spirituality in the Workplace. Journal of Organizational Culture, 15(2), 71-110.
  • Miller, D. (2007). God at work: The history and promise of the faith at work movement. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
  • Mitroff, I., & Denton, E. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Management Review, 40(4), 83.
  • Oshagbemi, T. (2000). Satisfaction with Co-Workers’ Behaviour. Employee Relations, 22(1), 88-106.
  • Örgev, M., ve Günalan, M. (2011). İşyeri Maneviyatı Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 51-64.
  • Payne, S. (2010). Leadership and spirituality: business in the USA. The International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 6(2), 68–72.
  • Pfeffer, J. (2010). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. In Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 43-59). Routledge.
  • Robson, A. (2015). Constancy and integrity: (un) measurable virtues?. Business ethics: A European review, 24, S115-S129.
  • Schneider, K. T., DeSouza, E. R., & Durst, R. N. (2015). Links between workplace spirituality, job-related attitudes, and value fit in a non-profit agency. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 43(3), 199-210
  • Seyyar, A. (2009). Çalışma Hayatında ve İşyerinde Maneviyat. Kamuda Sosyal Politika, 3(11), 42-52.
  • Smith, J. A., & Rayment, J. J. (2007). The global SMP fitness framework: A guide for leaders exploring the relevance of spirituality in the workplace. Management Decision, 45(2), 217-234.
  • Şimşek, Ş., Akgemici, T., ve Çelik, A. (2003). Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Tischler, L., Biberman, J., & Mckeage, R. (2002). Linking emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance:Definitions, models and ideas for research. Journal of Managerial sychology, 17(3), 203-218.
  • Ugboro, I., & Obeng, K. (2000). Top Management Leadership, Employee Empowerment, Job Satisfaction, and Customer Satisfaction in TQM Organizations: An Empirical Study. Journal of Quality Management, 5(2), 247-272.
  • Vroom, V. H. (1967). Work And Motivation. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Zaidi, H., Ghayas, M., & Durrani, T. (2019). Impact of work place spirituality on job satisfaction. RADS Journal of Business Management, 1(1), 49-57.
  • Zhang, S. (2020). Workplace spirituality and unethical pro-organizational behavior: The mediating effect of job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 161(3), 687-705.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Human Resources Management
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Müzeyyen Algül 0009-0009-9371-1496

Yahya Fidan 0000-0002-5012-3629

Selahaddin Şamil Fidan 0000-0002-7643-2139

Early Pub Date May 27, 2024
Publication Date May 28, 2024
Submission Date March 24, 2024
Acceptance Date April 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Algül, M., Fidan, Y., & Fidan, S. Ş. (2024). İŞYERİ RUHSALLIĞI VE İŞ TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞLANTININ KEŞFEDİLMESİ VE GELECEK ARAŞTIRMA ÖNERİLERİ. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi, 7(14), 84-96. https://doi.org/10.55830/tje.1458057