Boz Dağlar’ında (Batı Türkiye) Cedrus libani, Pinus brutia ve Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana’nın iklim-büyüme ilişkileri ve büyüme eğilimleri

Abstract

İklim değişikliği orman ağaçlarının büyüme koşullarını giderek daha fazla etkilemektedir. Akdeniz bölgesinde, yağışlarda bir azalma ve sıcaklıkta bir artış beklenmekte ve bu durum ağaç büyümesini olumsuz şekilde etkileyecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Batı Türkiye’nin Boz Dağlarında bulunan ağaçlandırma sahasındaki Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich) ile doğal yetişen kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ve Anadolu karaçamında (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) dendrokronolojik yöntemler kullanarak bazı iklim parametrelerinin (sıcaklık, yağış, bağıl nem ve buhar basıncı açığı) gövde büyümesi üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. Ekolojik ve ekonomik açıdan önemli olan bu üç orman ağacı türü arasındaki büyüme farklılıklarını tespit edebilmek için göğüs yüzey alanı artışına dayalı büyüme eğilimlerine bakılmıştır. Toros sediri, iyi bir ağaç canlılığına işaret eden pozitif bir büyüme eğilimi göstermiştir. Kızılçam ve Anadolu karaçamında son 25 yılda ne pozitif ne de negatif bir büyüme eğilimine rastlanmamıştır. Kızılçam, yıllık halka genişliği ve göğüs yüzeyi alanı artışında yıldan yıla en büyük değişkenliği sergilemiş ve iklim koşullarına en yüksek duyarlılığı göstermiştir. Bundan dolayı bu çalışmada en anlamlı tepki fonksiyonu ve korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına kızılçamda rastlanmıştır. Kızılçamın büyümesini en çok kış yağışları ve halka oluşum yılının temmuz yağışları olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Anadolu karaçamında ise, halka oluşum yılının mayıs ayındaki yüksek sıcaklıklar ve kurak koşullar yıllık halka gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Ek olarak, sonuçlarımız çalışma sahasındaki sedirlerin yıldan yıla değişen iklim özelliklerine karşı çok duyarlı olmadığını ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• Anadolu karaçamı
• Dendrokronoloji
• Toros sediri
• Yıllık halka
• Kızılçam

Climate-growth relationships and growth trends of Cedrus libani, Pinus brutia, and Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana in the Boz Mountains (Western Türkiye)

Abstract

The ongoing climate change is increasingly affecting the growth conditions of forest trees. In the Mediterranean region, a reduction in precipitation and an increase in temperature are anticipated, which will have an adverse impact on tree growth. We used dendrochronology methods to analyze the impact of climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and vapor pressure deficit) on stem growth of planted Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) and natural occurring Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) growing in the Boz Mountains, Western Türkiye. We further investigated their growth trends based on basal area increment to detect growth differences between these three ecologically and economically important forest tree species. Taurus cedar showed a positive growth trend indicating good tree vitality. Turkish pine and black pine showed neither a positive nor a negative growth trend over the past 25 years. Turkish pine exhibited the greatest year-to-year variability in tree ring width and basal area increment and was the most sensitive to climate, resulting in significant response function and correlation analysis results. Turkish pine growth was most limited by winter precipitation and current year’s July precipitation. Radial growth in black pine was negatively correlated to high temperatures and dry conditions in current year May. Our results further showed, that Taurus cedar was the least sensitive to year-to-year climate variability.

Keywords

• Anatolian black pine
• Dendrochronology
• Taurus cedar
• Tree-ring
• Turkish pine

Thanks

Eren ÖZER received funding from the 2209-A-Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students (Project number: 1919B012318955) of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK). We would like to thank Mustafa BATUR, Niyazi ÖZÇANKAYA and Burak BAHAR for their assistance in the field.

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