Sahil çamı fidanlarında kuraklık stresine karşı silikon bazlı gübrelemenin etkisi

Abstract

İklim değişikliğinin neden olduğu kuraklık olaylarının sıklığı ve şiddetinin artması, orman ekosistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliği açısından ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, fidanlık aşamasında çevresel streslere dirençli bireylerin yetiştirilmesi, ormancılık uygulamalarında öncelikli bir hedef haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sahil çamı (Pinus pinaster Aiton) üzerinde, silikon (Si) bazlı gübrelemenin fizyolojik ve morfolojik tepkiler aracılığıyla kuraklık toleransını artırma potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, 1+1 yaşlı sahil çamı fidanlarına 0, 5, 10, 15 ve 30 g dozlarında silikon bazlı gübre uygulanmış; dört haftalık kuraklık koşullarında fizyolojik [Fotosentetik aktivite (Fv/Fm), minimum floresans (Fo), maksimum floresans (Fm), bağıl su içeriği (RWC), nem içeriği (MC)], morfolojik (çap ve boy artımı, gürbüzlük indisi) ve görsel stres tepkileri değerlendirilmiştir. İki yönlü varyans analizi, işlem (kuraklık/sulama) × doz etkileşiminin Fv/Fm (p=0,009), Fo (p=0,021), Fm (p=0,044) ve MC (p=0,044) üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiler oluşturduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Sonuçlar, 5–15 g aralığında silikon uygulanan fidanların kuraklık altında daha yüksek fotosentetik verimlilik (Fv/Fm), su tutma kapasitesi (RWC, MC) ve görsel puanları sergilediğini göstermiştir. Buna karşın, yüksek dozlar (30 g) bazı fizyolojik parametrelerde olumsuz etkiler oluşturmuştur. Morfolojik parametrelerde kısa vadede belirgin farklar gözlenmemiş olsa da büyüme eğilimleri orta dozların daha dengeli bir gelişim sağladığını göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, sahil çamı gibi, kuraklığa toleranslı türlerde fidanlık aşamasında silikon bazlı gübrelemenin fizyolojik dayanıklılığı artırarak stres yönetimi için uygulanabilir bir strateji olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Abiyotik stres
• Bağıl su içeriği
• Görsel değerlendirme
• Gürbüzlük indisi
• Klorofil floresansı

Effect of silicon-based fertilization against drought stress in maritime pine seedlings

Abstract

The increase in the frequency and severity of drought events caused by climate change poses a serious threat to the sustainability of forest ecosystems. In this context, raising resistant individuals to environmental stresses at the nursery stage has become a priority target in forestry practices. In this study, the potential of silicon (Si)-based fertilizer to increase drought tolerance through physiological and morphological responses in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) was investigated. Within the scope of the research, silicon was applied to 1+1-year-old maritime pine seedlings at doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 g; physiological [Photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm), minimum fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), relative water content (RWC), moisture content (MC)], morphological (diameter and height increase, sturdiness quotient) and visual stress responses were evaluated under four-week drought conditions. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that treatment (drought/irrigation) × dose interaction had statistically significant effects on Fv/Fm (p=0.009), Fo (p=0.021), Fm (p=0.044) and MC (p=0.044). The results showed that seedlings treated with silicon in the range of 5–15 g exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), water holding capacity (RWC, MC) and visual scores under drought. In contrast, high doses (30 g) had negative effects on some physiological parameters. Although no significant differences were observed in the morphological parameters in the short term, growth trends showed that medium doses provided more balanced development. The present study suggests that silicon-based fertilizer at the nursery stage may be a viable strategy for stress management by increasing physiological resistance in drought-tolerance species such as maritime pine.

Keywords

• Abiotic stress
• Relative water content
• Visual assessment
• Sturdiness quotient
• Chlorophyll fluorescence

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