Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun

Ergün Kahveci; Ömer Kara

doi:10.18182/tjf.1813680

EN TR

Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun

Abstract

In this study, the effects of different canopy closures and slopes on aboveground, soil, and belowground biomass (B) and carbon (C) storage in pure black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana), mixed black pine - Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and black pine-Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) natural stands were investigated. The study was conducted in 88 sample areas selected using a selective sampling method within the boundaries of Atakum (Ada) and the Boğaziçi Forest Management Directorate in Samsun Province. Samples were taken for the aboveground, soil, and belowground components of these areas. The mean tree method was used to estimate tree C storage, while multiple variance analyses were applied to evaluate differences in B and C stocks. According to the obtained findings, average aboveground tree B in pure black pine, mixed black pine - Scots pine, and black pine - Turkey oak stands were 63.61 t/ha, 67.41 t/ha, and 86.51 t/ha, respectively; total vegetative mass was 102.97 t/ha, 101.43 t/ha, and 127.84 t/ha, respectively; aboveground tree C was calculated as 28.93 t/ha, 30.45 t/ha, and 36.49 t/ha, respectively. Similarly, total plant C amounts were 46.07 t/ha, 47.85 t/ha, and 53.08 t/ha; soil organic carbon (SOC) values were 119.42 t/ha, 103.07 t/ha, and 100.88 t/ha. While land slope had no significant effect on B and C storage, B and C storage varied with canopy closure. Additionally, it was found that stand structure, rather than soil properties, was a key determinant of C storage.

Keywords

Saf ve karışık doğal karaçam (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) meşcerelerinde biyokütle ve karbon depolama miktarlarının belirlenmesi: Samsun örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; saf karaçam (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana), karışık karaçam-sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris) ve karaçam-meşe (Quercus cerris) doğal meşcerelerinin toprak üstü, toprak ve toprak altı biyokütle (B) ve karbon (C) depolama miktarları üzerine farklı kapalılık ve eğim etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, Samsun İli Atakum (Ada) ve Boğaziçi Orman İşletme Şefliği sınırları içinde, seçme örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 88 örnek alanda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu alanlarda toprak üstü, toprak ve toprak altı bileşenlerine yönelik örnekler alınmıştır. Ağaçlara ait C depolama miktarlarının tahmininde orta ağaç yöntemi, biyokütle ve karbon stoklarındaki farklılıkların değerlendirilmesinde ise çoklu varyans analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, saf karaçam, karaçam - sarıçam ve karaçam - meşe karışık meşcerelerinde ortalama toprak üstü ağaç biyokütlesi sırasıyla 63.61 t/ha, 67.41 t/ha ve 86.51 t/ha; toplam bitkisel kütle 102.97 t/ha, 101.43 t/ha ve 127.84 t/ha; toprak üstü ağaç karbonu 28.93 t/ha, 30.45 t/ha ve 36.49 t/ha olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı şekilde, toplam bitkisel karbon miktarları 46.07 t/ha, 47.85 t/ha ve 53.08 t/ha; toprak organik karbon değerleri ise 119.42 t/ha, 103.07 t/ha ve 100.88 t/ha’dır. Arazi eğiminin B ve C depolama üzerinde anlamlı etkisi bulunmazken, B ve C depolamanın kapalılığa göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, C depolama üzerinde toprak özelliklerinden çok meşcere yapısının belirleyici olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye

Project Number

118O311

Ethical Statement

As the authors, we declare that the manuscript entitled “Determination of Biomass and Carbon Storage in Pure and Mixed Natural Black Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) Stands: The Case of Samsun” has been prepared in accordance with scientific and ethical principles. No harm was caused to any living organisms during this research, and no unethical procedures were applied in the data collection process. All data used in the study were obtained through legal and scientific methods. This manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and declare that there is no conflict of interest. There is no need for ethical committee approval for this study. Author Contributions: Ergün Kahveci: Data collection, analysis, writing, and revision. Ömer Kara: Supervision, methodology, evaluation, and editing. Ethical Declaration: The authors declare full compliance with all research and publication ethics principles.

Thanks

A portion of this work was conducted as part of a project supported by the TÜBİTAK 1001 program (Project No: 118O311). We sincerely thank TÜBİTAK and all the individuals and organizations who contributed to the project for their support.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Forest Ecosystems, Forestry Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ergün Kahveci ^*
0000-0003-2178-4302
Türkiye

Ömer Kara
0000-0002-7787-7463
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 20, 2026

Submission Date

October 30, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 27

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1813680

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26DU94EL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kahveci, E., & Kara, Ö. (2026). Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 27, 7-21. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1813680

AMA

1.Kahveci E, Kara Ö. Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2026;27:7-21. doi:10.18182/tjf.1813680

Chicago

Kahveci, Ergün, and Ömer Kara. 2026. “Determination of Biomass and Carbon Storage Amounts in Pure and Mixed Natural Black Pine (Pinus Nigra Subsp. Pallasiana) Stands: The Case of Samsun”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 27 (April): 7-21. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1813680.

EndNote

Kahveci E, Kara Ö (April 1, 2026) Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun. Turkish Journal of Forestry 27 7–21.

IEEE

[1]E. Kahveci and Ö. Kara, “Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 27, pp. 7–21, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1813680.

ISNAD

Kahveci, Ergün - Kara, Ömer. “Determination of Biomass and Carbon Storage Amounts in Pure and Mixed Natural Black Pine (Pinus Nigra Subsp. Pallasiana) Stands: The Case of Samsun”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 27 (April 1, 2026): 7-21. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1813680.

JAMA

1.Kahveci E, Kara Ö. Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2026;27:7–21.

MLA

Kahveci, Ergün, and Ömer Kara. “Determination of Biomass and Carbon Storage Amounts in Pure and Mixed Natural Black Pine (Pinus Nigra Subsp. Pallasiana) Stands: The Case of Samsun”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 27, Apr. 2026, pp. 7-21, doi:10.18182/tjf.1813680.

Vancouver

1.Ergün Kahveci, Ömer Kara. Determination of biomass and carbon storage amounts in pure and mixed natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) stands: The case of Samsun. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2026 Apr. 1;27:7-21. doi:10.18182/tjf.1813680