Fungi and water molds found on woody plants grown in the forest nurseries of the Marmara Region

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the presence of fungi and water molds in 13 state and 3 private nurseries in Sakarya, Kocaeli, Yalova, Bursa, Istanbul, Kırklareli and Edirne provinces where woody plants were produced. For this purpose, the coniferous and deciduous seedlings showing various disease symptoms, especially death and drying, were sampled together with their soil. Laboratory studies included microscopic investigations and isolation of fungi from diseased tissues and isolation of Pythiaceous species from soil samples of sampled seedlings. Two hundred twenty-seven deciduous and coniferous seedlings and 79 soil samples were taken from the nurseries. Totally 145 fungal and 57 Pythiaceous isolates were obtained. The isolates were grouped into morphotypes based on their morphological characteristics, and representative isolates were identified by ITS-based DNA analysis. Marssonina brunnea, Melampsora allii-populina on poplar and Dothistroma septosporum on pine were the fungal disease agents detected based on their morphological and microscopical properties. In addition to these species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum, Phytopythium vexans and Phytophthora syringae were among other important and common species identified. The surveys and laboratory studies conducted within the scope of this research showed that state nurseries host more fungal and Pythiaceous species than private nurseries. The amount and diversity of the obtained fungal and oomycete species draws attention to the risk that these microorganisms can be transported from one nursery to another and even to afforestation areas.

Keywords

• Turkey,Broadleaved,Coniferous,Seedling,Soil,Isolation,ITS1- ITS2

Marmara Bölgesindeki orman fidanlıklarında yetiştirilen odunsu bitkilerdeki fungus ve su küflerinin tespiti

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Sakarya, Kocaeli, Yalova, Bursa, İstanbul, Kırklareli ve Edirne illerine bağlı, odunsu bitkilerin üretiminin yapıldığı, 13 adet devlet ve 3 adet özel fidanlıkta, fungus ve su küflerinin varlığını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, adı geçen fidanlıklarda yetiştirilmekte olan orman ağacı fidanları incelenmiş, geriye doğru ölüm ve kuruma başta olmak üzere çeşitli hastalık semptomları gösteren fidanlar toprakları ile birlikte örneklenmiştir. Laboratuvar çalışmaları; mikroskobik incelemeler ve hastalıklı dokularından fungus, tüplü ve çıplak köklü fidanlara ait toprak örneklerinden de Pythiaceous türlerin izolasyonlarını kapsamıştır. Fidanlıklardan 227 adet fidan ve 79 adet toprak örneği alınmış, bunlardan, 145 adet fungal ve 57 adet Pythiaceous izolatı elde edilmiştir. İzolatlar morfolojik özelliklerine göre gruplandırılmış ve bu gruplar içerisinden seçilen temsili izolatların DNA ekstraksiyonu gerçekleştirildikten sonra, ITS bölgelerinin amplifikasyonu gerçekleştirilerek, dizilemeye gönderilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda örnekler üzerinde tespit edilen funguslar arasında, dünya çapında kavakların bilinen en yaygın patojenlerinden biri olan Marssonina brunnea, pas hastalığı etmeni, Melampsora allii-populina ve çamlarda kırmızı bant hastalığı olarak bilinen Dothistroma septosporum yer almıştır. Bitki dokularından ve topraktan izole edilen Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum, Phytopythium vexans ve Phytophthora syringae yaygın ve önemli fungus ve Pythiaceous türler olarak ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu araştırma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen sürveyler ve laboratuvar çalışmaları, geniş yapraklı türlerin, iğne yapraklılara, devlet fidanlıklarının da özel fidanlıklara kıyasla daha fazla fungal ve Pythiaceous türlere konukçuluk ettiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen fungal ve Pythiaceous türlerin miktarı ve çeşitliliği, bu mikroorganizmaların, bir fidanlıktan diğerine ve hatta ağaçlandırma sahalarına taşınabilme risklerine dikkat çekmektedir.

Keywords

• Türkiye,Geniş yapraklı,İğne yapraklı,Fidan,Toprak,İzolasyon,ITS1- ITS2

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