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Sustainable resin management strategies for Türkiye’s Pinus brutia Ten. Forests: An A’WOT analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 36 - 44, 28.03.2025

Abstract

This study applies the hybrid A'WOT (Analytic Hierarchy Process and SWOT Analysis) method to develop and evaluate strategic alternatives for resin production in Türkiye's Pinus brutia forests. First, internal and external environmental factors affecting resin production were classified within the framework of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). Then, the importance levels of each SWOT group and its factors were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the SWOT analysis results, four strategic alternatives were developed: Branding Strategy for Resin (Productivity Enhancement Strategy, Legal Regulations and Site Planning Strategy , and Climate Adaptation and Sustainable Forest Management Strategy . Each strategy was evaluated according to the SWOT groups and factors, and the total priority scores of the strategies were calculated. The results indicate that Legal Regulations and Site Planning Strategy (4,060 points) and Productivity Enhancement Strategy (3,976 points) are the most suitable alternatives under current conditions. Legal Regulations and Site Planning Strategy offers a long-term solution for sustainable resin production through the improvement of the legal framework and the development of site planning, while Productivity Enhancement Strategy aims to enhance economic sustainability by maintaining cost advantages and increasing productivity. The study demonstrates the contribution of integrating SWOT and AHP methods to strategic planning processes and provides a practical framework for the sustainable management of Türkiye's resin production potential.

References

  • Caglayan, İ., Dolu, A. Ö., Kabak, Ö., Rodríguez-García, A., Demirel, T., Özkan, U. Y., Makineci, E., Yeşil, A., Ayberk, H., 2024. Dynamics of resin yield in Pinus brutia: A quantitative analysis using bark streak tapping. Industrial Crops and Products, 221: 119344.
  • Caglayan, İ., Kabak, Ö., Ucal Sari, I., 2025. Comparative cost analysis for bore hole and bark streak tapping methods in resin production from Pinus brutia. Agroforestry Systems, 99(45): 1–18.
  • Cunningham, A., 2012. Pine resin tapping techniques used around the world. Pine resin: biology, chemistry and applications, 661(2): 1-8.
  • da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa, K. C., de Lima, J. C., Fett-Neto, A. G., 2013. Oleoresins from pine: production and industrial uses. Natural products, 136: 4037-4060.
  • Fikir, D., Tadesse, W., Gure, A., 2016. Economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry land forest products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2016(1): 5474680.
  • GDF, 2019. Distribution of forest areas according to tree species. General Directorate of Forestry; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Republic of Turkey, Ankara, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler, Accessed: 14.12.2024.
  • Güngör, E., 2018. Determination of optimum management strategy for Honey Production Forest lands using A’WOT and Conjoint Analysis: a case study in Turkey. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 16(3):3437-3459
  • Heinze, A., Thomas W., K., Luis E., G. B., Neptalí, R. M., Bongers, F., 2021. Tapping into nature’s benefits: values, effort and the struggle to co-produce pine resin. Ecosystems and People, 17(1): 69–86.
  • IPCC, 2021. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport.pdf, Accessed: 10.07.2024
  • Kajanus, M., Kurttila, M., Kangas, J., 2003. A’WOT method and its recent elaborations in strategic natural resources management planning. H. Vacik, M. J. Lexer, M. H. Rauscher, K. M. Reynolds, & R. T. Brooks (Eds.), Decision Support for Multiple Purpose Forestry; A transdisciplinary conference on the development of decision support tools for forest management, 23-25 April, Vienna, Austria, pp.1-11 Kangas, J., Pesonen, M., Kurttila, M., Kajanus, M., 2001. A’WOT: integrating the AHP with SWOT analysis. Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on the analytic hierarchy process ISAHP, 2-4 August, Berne, Switzerland, pp. 2–4.
  • Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., Kajanus, M., 2000. Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis — a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1(1): 41–52.
  • Lemenih, M., Abebe, T., Olsson, M., 2003. Gum and resin resources from some Acacia, Boswellia and Commiphora species and their economic contributions in Liban, south-east Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 55(3): 465–482.
  • Li, Y., Yuan, Y., Hu, Z., Liu, S., Zhang, X., 2024. Genetic transformation of forest trees and its research advances in stress tolerance. Forests, 15(3): 441.
  • López-Álvarez, Ó., Zas, R., Marey-Perez, M., 2023. Resin tapping: A review of the main factors modulating pine resin yield. Industrial Crops and Products, 202:117105.
  • OGM, 2016. Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Envanter ve Planlaması ile Üretim ve Satış Esasları- Tebliğ No 302. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane-sitesi/mevzuat-sitesi/Tebligler/302, Erişim: 11.12.2024.
  • OGM, 2017. Reçine Eylem Planı. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane-sitesi/Yayinlar/Reçine_Eylem_Planı.pdf, Erişim: 09.10.2024.
  • Pesonen, M., Ahola, J., Kurttila, M., Kajanus, M., & Kangas, J., 2000. Investment strategies of Finnish forest industry in North America: A case study using SWOT.I. Munn, S.H. Bullard, S.C. Grado, D.L. Grebner (Eds.), SOFEW ‘99: Southern Forest Economics Workshop, Biloxi, MS. Proceedings of 1999 April 18-20, US, pp.43-49
  • Rodrigues-Corrêa, K. C. da S., de Lima, J. C., Fett-Neto, A. G., 2012. Pine oleoresin: tapping green chemicals, biofuels, food protection, and carbon sequestration from multipurpose trees. Food and Energy Security, 1(2): 81–93.
  • Rodríguez-García, A., Martín, J. A., López, R., Mutke, S., Pinillos, F., Gil, L., 2015. Influence of climate variables on resin yield and secretory structures in tapped Pinus pinaster Ait. in central Spain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 202: 83–93.
  • Saaty, T. L., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(11): 1073-1076.
  • Sahani, N., 2021. Application of hybrid SWOT-AHP-FuzzyAHP model for formulation and prioritization of ecotourism strategies in Western Himalaya, India. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 9(3): 349–362.
  • Satil, F., Selvi, S., Polat, R., 2011. Ethnic uses of pine resin production from Pinus brutia by native people on the Kazdağ Mountain (Mt. Ida) in Western Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9 (3-4): 1059–1063.
  • Scoones, I., 1998. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis. IDS Working Paper 72, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
  • Soliño, M., Yu, T., Alía, R., Auñón, F., Bravo-Oviedo, A., Chambel, M. R., García del Barrio, J. M., 2018. Resin-tapped pine forests in Spain: Ecological diversity and economic valuation. Science of The Total Environment, 625: 1146–1155.
  • Wolfslehner, B., Vacik, H., 2008. Evaluating sustainable forest management strategies with the Analytic Network Process in a Pressure-State-Response framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(1): 1–10.
  • Yıldızbaş, A., İstek, A., Sıradağ, C. B., 2023. Reçine üretimine genel bir bakış ve Covid-19’un üretim üzerine etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2): 320–339.

Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 36 - 44, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanlarında reçine üretimi için stratejik alternatifler geliştirmek ve değerlendirmek amacıyla hibrit A'WOT (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ve SWOT Analizi) yöntemini uygulamaktadır. İlk olarak, reçine üretimini etkileyen iç ve dış çevre faktörleri güçlü yönler, zayıf yönler, fırsatlar ve tehditler (SWOT) çerçevesinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Daha sonra, her bir SWOT grubu ve faktörleri arasındaki önem dereceleri Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) ile belirlenmiştir. SWOT analizi sonuçlarına dayalı olarak dört strateji alternatifi geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar; Reçinede Markalaşma Stratejisi (RMS), Verim Artırma Stratejisi (VAS), Yasal Düzenlemeler ve Saha Planlama Stratejisi (YDPS) ve İklim Uyumu ve Sürdürülebilir Orman Yönetimi Stratejisi (İSOM). Her bir strateji, SWOT grupları ve faktörlerine göre değerlendirilmiş ve stratejilerin toplam öncelik puanları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, YDPS (4,060 puan) ve VAS (3,976 puan) stratejilerinin mevcut koşullarda en uygun alternatifler olduğunu göstermektedir. YDPS, yasal çerçevenin iyileştirilmesi ve saha planlamasının geliştirilmesiyle sürdürülebilir reçine üretimi için uzun vadeli bir çözüm sunarken, VAS düşük maliyet avantajını koruyarak ve verimliliği artırarak ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği güçlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, SWOT ve AHS yöntemlerinin entegre kullanımıyla stratejik planlama süreçlerine sağladığı katkıyı göstermekte ve Türkiye’nin reçine üretimi potansiyelinin sürdürülebilir yönetimi için uygulanabilir bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

References

  • Caglayan, İ., Dolu, A. Ö., Kabak, Ö., Rodríguez-García, A., Demirel, T., Özkan, U. Y., Makineci, E., Yeşil, A., Ayberk, H., 2024. Dynamics of resin yield in Pinus brutia: A quantitative analysis using bark streak tapping. Industrial Crops and Products, 221: 119344.
  • Caglayan, İ., Kabak, Ö., Ucal Sari, I., 2025. Comparative cost analysis for bore hole and bark streak tapping methods in resin production from Pinus brutia. Agroforestry Systems, 99(45): 1–18.
  • Cunningham, A., 2012. Pine resin tapping techniques used around the world. Pine resin: biology, chemistry and applications, 661(2): 1-8.
  • da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa, K. C., de Lima, J. C., Fett-Neto, A. G., 2013. Oleoresins from pine: production and industrial uses. Natural products, 136: 4037-4060.
  • Fikir, D., Tadesse, W., Gure, A., 2016. Economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry land forest products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2016(1): 5474680.
  • GDF, 2019. Distribution of forest areas according to tree species. General Directorate of Forestry; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Republic of Turkey, Ankara, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler, Accessed: 14.12.2024.
  • Güngör, E., 2018. Determination of optimum management strategy for Honey Production Forest lands using A’WOT and Conjoint Analysis: a case study in Turkey. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 16(3):3437-3459
  • Heinze, A., Thomas W., K., Luis E., G. B., Neptalí, R. M., Bongers, F., 2021. Tapping into nature’s benefits: values, effort and the struggle to co-produce pine resin. Ecosystems and People, 17(1): 69–86.
  • IPCC, 2021. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport.pdf, Accessed: 10.07.2024
  • Kajanus, M., Kurttila, M., Kangas, J., 2003. A’WOT method and its recent elaborations in strategic natural resources management planning. H. Vacik, M. J. Lexer, M. H. Rauscher, K. M. Reynolds, & R. T. Brooks (Eds.), Decision Support for Multiple Purpose Forestry; A transdisciplinary conference on the development of decision support tools for forest management, 23-25 April, Vienna, Austria, pp.1-11 Kangas, J., Pesonen, M., Kurttila, M., Kajanus, M., 2001. A’WOT: integrating the AHP with SWOT analysis. Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on the analytic hierarchy process ISAHP, 2-4 August, Berne, Switzerland, pp. 2–4.
  • Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., Kajanus, M., 2000. Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis — a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1(1): 41–52.
  • Lemenih, M., Abebe, T., Olsson, M., 2003. Gum and resin resources from some Acacia, Boswellia and Commiphora species and their economic contributions in Liban, south-east Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 55(3): 465–482.
  • Li, Y., Yuan, Y., Hu, Z., Liu, S., Zhang, X., 2024. Genetic transformation of forest trees and its research advances in stress tolerance. Forests, 15(3): 441.
  • López-Álvarez, Ó., Zas, R., Marey-Perez, M., 2023. Resin tapping: A review of the main factors modulating pine resin yield. Industrial Crops and Products, 202:117105.
  • OGM, 2016. Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Envanter ve Planlaması ile Üretim ve Satış Esasları- Tebliğ No 302. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane-sitesi/mevzuat-sitesi/Tebligler/302, Erişim: 11.12.2024.
  • OGM, 2017. Reçine Eylem Planı. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane-sitesi/Yayinlar/Reçine_Eylem_Planı.pdf, Erişim: 09.10.2024.
  • Pesonen, M., Ahola, J., Kurttila, M., Kajanus, M., & Kangas, J., 2000. Investment strategies of Finnish forest industry in North America: A case study using SWOT.I. Munn, S.H. Bullard, S.C. Grado, D.L. Grebner (Eds.), SOFEW ‘99: Southern Forest Economics Workshop, Biloxi, MS. Proceedings of 1999 April 18-20, US, pp.43-49
  • Rodrigues-Corrêa, K. C. da S., de Lima, J. C., Fett-Neto, A. G., 2012. Pine oleoresin: tapping green chemicals, biofuels, food protection, and carbon sequestration from multipurpose trees. Food and Energy Security, 1(2): 81–93.
  • Rodríguez-García, A., Martín, J. A., López, R., Mutke, S., Pinillos, F., Gil, L., 2015. Influence of climate variables on resin yield and secretory structures in tapped Pinus pinaster Ait. in central Spain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 202: 83–93.
  • Saaty, T. L., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(11): 1073-1076.
  • Sahani, N., 2021. Application of hybrid SWOT-AHP-FuzzyAHP model for formulation and prioritization of ecotourism strategies in Western Himalaya, India. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 9(3): 349–362.
  • Satil, F., Selvi, S., Polat, R., 2011. Ethnic uses of pine resin production from Pinus brutia by native people on the Kazdağ Mountain (Mt. Ida) in Western Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9 (3-4): 1059–1063.
  • Scoones, I., 1998. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis. IDS Working Paper 72, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
  • Soliño, M., Yu, T., Alía, R., Auñón, F., Bravo-Oviedo, A., Chambel, M. R., García del Barrio, J. M., 2018. Resin-tapped pine forests in Spain: Ecological diversity and economic valuation. Science of The Total Environment, 625: 1146–1155.
  • Wolfslehner, B., Vacik, H., 2008. Evaluating sustainable forest management strategies with the Analytic Network Process in a Pressure-State-Response framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(1): 1–10.
  • Yıldızbaş, A., İstek, A., Sıradağ, C. B., 2023. Reçine üretimine genel bir bakış ve Covid-19’un üretim üzerine etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2): 320–339.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forestry Biomass and Bioproducts
Journal Section Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

İnci Çağlayan 0000-0002-9539-5273

Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date January 16, 2025
Acceptance Date March 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çağlayan, İ. (2025). Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 26(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1621778
AMA Çağlayan İ. Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. March 2025;26(1):36-44. doi:10.18182/tjf.1621778
Chicago Çağlayan, İnci. “Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim Stratejileri: A’WOT Analizi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26, no. 1 (March 2025): 36-44. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1621778.
EndNote Çağlayan İ (March 1, 2025) Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26 1 36–44.
IEEE İ. Çağlayan, “Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 36–44, 2025, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1621778.
ISNAD Çağlayan, İnci. “Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim Stratejileri: A’WOT Analizi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26/1 (March 2025), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1621778.
JAMA Çağlayan İ. Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2025;26:36–44.
MLA Çağlayan, İnci. “Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim Stratejileri: A’WOT Analizi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 26, no. 1, 2025, pp. 36-44, doi:10.18182/tjf.1621778.
Vancouver Çağlayan İ. Türkiye’nin Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanları için sürdürülebilir reçine yönetim stratejileri: A’WOT analizi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2025;26(1):36-44.