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COVID-19 ile Yaşanan Sosyal İzolasyonun Aile ve Evlilik Yaşamına Yansımaları: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 510 - 520, 10.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.932521

Abstract

Giriş: COVID-19 pandemisi, sadece bireyleri fiziksel olarak değil aynı zamanda ruhsal, sosyal ve ekonomik olarak olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bireylerin yaşantısında meydana gelen bu zorlanmalar aile ve evlilik yaşantısı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere de yol açabilmektedir. Yöntem: Bu araştırma, COVID-19 ile yaşanan sosyal izolasyonun aile ve evlilik yaşamı üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla fenomenolojik niteliksel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, Tanıtıcı Özellikler Soru Formu ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Açık Uçlu Derinlemesine Bireysel Görüşme Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, 15 evli bireyden toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler, tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 41.73±10.52, evlilik süreleri ise 17.33±12.43 olarak bulunmuştur. Nitel verilerin analizi sonucunda, ‘COVID-19 Pandemisinin Aile ve Evlilik Yaşantısı Üzerine Olumsuz Etkileri’ ve ‘COVID-19 Pandemisinin Aile ve Evlilik Yaşantısı Üzerine Olumlu Etkileri’ olmak üzere iki kategori elde edilmiştir. Bu kategoriler altında 6 tema ve 10 alt tema belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, COVID-19 pandemisinin aile ve evlilik yaşantısı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri kategorisi altında ruhsal etkiler, sosyal ve günlük yaşam üzerine etkiler, çocuklar üzerine etkiler ve aile ve evlilik yaşantısı üzerine etkiler temaları belirlenmiştir. Aile ve evlilik yaşamı üzerine olumlu etkiler kategorisi altında ise yaşam önceliklerinin değişmesi ve yaşamı anlamlandırma ve evlilik yaşantısında eşler arası paylaşımın artması temaları elde edilmiştir. Bu nedenle aile ile çalışan sağlık profesyonellerinin, ailelerin ve eşlerin bu süreçteki bilgi gereksinimlerini ve yaşadığı zorlukları belirlemelidir. Yaşanan sorunların belirlenmesinin ardından aile üyelerinin baş etme becerilerinin, aile içinde ve eşler arasında etkili iletişim becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, COVID-19 pandemisinin aile ve evlilik yaşamı üzerine olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirecektir. Bu bağlamda ailelere yönelik gerekli koruyucu ve güçlendirici müdahalelerin planlanması ve uygulanması aile ve evlilik yaşantısında doyumun ve memnuniyetin artmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Supporting Institution

Araştırmacılar, bu araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde herhangi bir kurum ve kuruluştan destek almamıştır.

References

  • 1. Bozkurt Y, Zeybek Z, Aşkın R. COVID-19 pandemisi: Psikolojik etkileri ve terapötik müdahaleler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 19(37): 304-318.
  • 2. Song F, Shi N, Shan F, Zhang Z, Shen J, Lu H, et al. Emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Radiology 2020; 295(1): 210-217. Doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200274
  • 3. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomedica 2020; 91(1): 157-160. Doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
  • 4. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO/Europe, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak - WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, 2020.https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19#. Erişim Tarihi: 17 Ocak 2021
  • 5. Koçak Z, Harmancı H. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde ailede ruh sağlığı. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2020; 5: 180-204.
  • 6. Balcı Y, Çetin G. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin Türkiye'de istihdama etkileri ve kamu açısından alınması gereken tedbirler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 19(37): 40-58.
  • 7. Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Ajelli M, Gioannini C, Litvinova M, Merler S, et al. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science 2020; 368(6489): 395-400. Doi: 10.1126/science.aba9757.
  • 8. Karataş Z. COVID-19 pandemisinin toplumsal etkileri, değişim ve güçlenme. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 4(1): 3-17.
  • 9. Öztürk MS, Yılmaz N, Erbil DD, Hazer O. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde hane halkındaki çatışma ve birlik-beraberlik durumunun incelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies 2020; 15(4): 295-314. Doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.44424.
  • 10. Yavuz K. COVID-19 salgınının sosyal politikanın geleceği üzerine etkileri. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 7 (45), 181- 193. Doi: 10.29228/SOBIDER.42843
  • 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2021.
  • 12. Alfawaz HA, Wani K, Aljumah AA, Aldisi D, Ansari MG, Yakout SM, et al. Psychological well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: Insights from a Saudi State University’s Academic Community. Journal of King Saud University-Science 2021; 33(1): 101262. Doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101262
  • 13. Gulati G, Kelly BD. Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 2020; 71: 101594. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101594.
  • 14. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research 2020; 288: 112954. Doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
  • 15. Orru G, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A, Conversano C. Psychological intervention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2020; 17(2): 76-79. Doi: 10.36131/CN20200208
  • 16. Ünal B, Gülseren L. COVID-19 pandemisinin görünmeyen yüzü: Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddet. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2020; 23: 89-94.
  • 17. Akbaş ÖZ, Dursun C. Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi sürecinde özel alanına kamusal alanı sığdıran çalışan anneler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 7(5): 78-94.
  • 18. Ergönen AT, Biçen E, Ersoy G. COVID-19 salgınında ev içi şiddet. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2020; 25: 48-57. doi:10.17986/blm.2020.v25i.1408
  • 19. Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N, Jackson D. Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 2020; 29(4):549-552. Doi: 10.1111/inm.12735
  • 20. Pieh C, O´Rourke T, Budimir S, Probst T. Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2020; 15(9): e0238906. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238906.
  • 21. Zhang H. The influence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on family violence in China. Journal of Family Violence 2020. Doi: 10.1007/s10896-020-00196-8
  • 22. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research 2020; 287: 112934. Doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
  • 23. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. 3. Baskı. Sage Publicatios. s: 65-110.
  • 24. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 2007; 19(6): 349-357. Doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
  • 25. Connelly LM. Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing 2016; 25(6): 435-436.
  • 26. Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Miller JG, Hartman TK, Levita L, et al. Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open 2020; 6(6):e125. Doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.109
  • 27. Zhu Z, Liu Q, Jiang X, Manandhar U, Luo Z, Zheng X, et al. The psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2020; 129: 1-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.026
  • 28. Hwang TZ, Rabheru K, Peisah K, Reichman W, Ikeda M. Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Psychogeriatrics 2020; 32(10): 1217-1230.doi: 10.1017/S1041610220000988
  • 29. Banerjee D, Rai M. Social isolation in COVID-19: The impact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020; 66(6): 525-527. Doi: 10.1177/0020764020922269
  • 30. Di Giorgio E, DiRiso D, Mioni G, Cellini N. The interplay between mothers’ and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: An Italian study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2020;1-12. Doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01631-3
  • 31. Zengin M, Yayan EH, Vicnelioğlu E. The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children's life styles and anxiety levels. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 1-7. Doi: 10.1111/jcap.12316
  • 32. Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Peña S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect 2020; 110(2): 104699. Doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699
  • 33. Russell BS, Hutchison M, Tambling R, Tomkunas, AJ, Horton, AL. Initial challenges of caregiving during COVID-19: Caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent–child relationship. Child Psychiatry& Human Development 2020; 51, 671-682. Doi: 10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x
  • 34. Cluver L, Lachman JM, Sherr L, Wessels I, Krug E, Rakotomalala S, et al. Parenting in a time of COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395(10231). Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30736-4
  • 35. Campbell AM. An increasing risk of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International Reports 2020; 2: 100089. Doi: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089
  • 36. Prime H, Wade M, Browne DT. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist 2020;75(5): 631-643. Doi: 10.1037/amp0000660.
  • 37. Yu Y, Li B. Effects of mindfulness and meaning in life on psychological distress in Chinese university students during the COVID-19 epidemic: A chained mediation model. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 53. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102211.

Reflections of Social Isolation Experienced by COVID-19 on Family and Marital Life: A Phenomenological Study

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 510 - 520, 10.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.932521

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted individuals not only physically, but also mentally, socially and economically. These difficulties that occur in the lives of individuals can also have negative effects on family and marital life. Method: This study was conducted using a phenomenological qualitative research method to evaluate the impact of social isolation experienced with COVID-19 on family and marital life. The data were collected using the Introductory Features Information Form and Semi-Structured Open Ended In-depth Individual Interview Question Form. Research data were collected from 15 married individuals. The qualitative data were evaluated using method of thematic analysis. Results: The mean age of participants were 37.00±7.88 years, mean duration of marriage of participants were 11.15±8.97 years. As a result of the analysis of qualitative data, two categories were obtained, namely, "The Negative Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family and Marital Life" and "The Positive Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family and Marital Life". Six themes and 10 sub-themes were determined under these categories. Conclusion: As a result of the research, the themes of mental effects, effects on social and daily life, effects on children and effects on family and marital life were determined under the category of negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family and marital life. Under the category of positive effects on family and marital life, the themes of changing life priorities and making sense of life and increasing sharing between spouses in marital life were obtained. For this reason, health professionals working with families, should determine the information needs and difficulties experienced of families and spouses in this process. After identifying the problems experienced, developing the coping skills of family members and effective communication skills with in the family and between spouses will minimize the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family and marital life. In this context, planning and implementing necessary protective and reinforcing interventions for families will contribute to increase satisfaction in family and marital life.

References

  • 1. Bozkurt Y, Zeybek Z, Aşkın R. COVID-19 pandemisi: Psikolojik etkileri ve terapötik müdahaleler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 19(37): 304-318.
  • 2. Song F, Shi N, Shan F, Zhang Z, Shen J, Lu H, et al. Emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Radiology 2020; 295(1): 210-217. Doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200274
  • 3. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomedica 2020; 91(1): 157-160. Doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
  • 4. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO/Europe, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak - WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, 2020.https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19#. Erişim Tarihi: 17 Ocak 2021
  • 5. Koçak Z, Harmancı H. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde ailede ruh sağlığı. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2020; 5: 180-204.
  • 6. Balcı Y, Çetin G. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin Türkiye'de istihdama etkileri ve kamu açısından alınması gereken tedbirler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 19(37): 40-58.
  • 7. Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Ajelli M, Gioannini C, Litvinova M, Merler S, et al. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science 2020; 368(6489): 395-400. Doi: 10.1126/science.aba9757.
  • 8. Karataş Z. COVID-19 pandemisinin toplumsal etkileri, değişim ve güçlenme. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 4(1): 3-17.
  • 9. Öztürk MS, Yılmaz N, Erbil DD, Hazer O. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde hane halkındaki çatışma ve birlik-beraberlik durumunun incelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies 2020; 15(4): 295-314. Doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.44424.
  • 10. Yavuz K. COVID-19 salgınının sosyal politikanın geleceği üzerine etkileri. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 7 (45), 181- 193. Doi: 10.29228/SOBIDER.42843
  • 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2021.
  • 12. Alfawaz HA, Wani K, Aljumah AA, Aldisi D, Ansari MG, Yakout SM, et al. Psychological well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: Insights from a Saudi State University’s Academic Community. Journal of King Saud University-Science 2021; 33(1): 101262. Doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101262
  • 13. Gulati G, Kelly BD. Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 2020; 71: 101594. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101594.
  • 14. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research 2020; 288: 112954. Doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
  • 15. Orru G, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A, Conversano C. Psychological intervention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2020; 17(2): 76-79. Doi: 10.36131/CN20200208
  • 16. Ünal B, Gülseren L. COVID-19 pandemisinin görünmeyen yüzü: Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddet. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2020; 23: 89-94.
  • 17. Akbaş ÖZ, Dursun C. Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi sürecinde özel alanına kamusal alanı sığdıran çalışan anneler. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020; 7(5): 78-94.
  • 18. Ergönen AT, Biçen E, Ersoy G. COVID-19 salgınında ev içi şiddet. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2020; 25: 48-57. doi:10.17986/blm.2020.v25i.1408
  • 19. Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N, Jackson D. Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 2020; 29(4):549-552. Doi: 10.1111/inm.12735
  • 20. Pieh C, O´Rourke T, Budimir S, Probst T. Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2020; 15(9): e0238906. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238906.
  • 21. Zhang H. The influence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on family violence in China. Journal of Family Violence 2020. Doi: 10.1007/s10896-020-00196-8
  • 22. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research 2020; 287: 112934. Doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
  • 23. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. 3. Baskı. Sage Publicatios. s: 65-110.
  • 24. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 2007; 19(6): 349-357. Doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
  • 25. Connelly LM. Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing 2016; 25(6): 435-436.
  • 26. Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Miller JG, Hartman TK, Levita L, et al. Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open 2020; 6(6):e125. Doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.109
  • 27. Zhu Z, Liu Q, Jiang X, Manandhar U, Luo Z, Zheng X, et al. The psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2020; 129: 1-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.026
  • 28. Hwang TZ, Rabheru K, Peisah K, Reichman W, Ikeda M. Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Psychogeriatrics 2020; 32(10): 1217-1230.doi: 10.1017/S1041610220000988
  • 29. Banerjee D, Rai M. Social isolation in COVID-19: The impact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020; 66(6): 525-527. Doi: 10.1177/0020764020922269
  • 30. Di Giorgio E, DiRiso D, Mioni G, Cellini N. The interplay between mothers’ and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: An Italian study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2020;1-12. Doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01631-3
  • 31. Zengin M, Yayan EH, Vicnelioğlu E. The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children's life styles and anxiety levels. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 1-7. Doi: 10.1111/jcap.12316
  • 32. Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Peña S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect 2020; 110(2): 104699. Doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699
  • 33. Russell BS, Hutchison M, Tambling R, Tomkunas, AJ, Horton, AL. Initial challenges of caregiving during COVID-19: Caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent–child relationship. Child Psychiatry& Human Development 2020; 51, 671-682. Doi: 10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x
  • 34. Cluver L, Lachman JM, Sherr L, Wessels I, Krug E, Rakotomalala S, et al. Parenting in a time of COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395(10231). Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30736-4
  • 35. Campbell AM. An increasing risk of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International Reports 2020; 2: 100089. Doi: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089
  • 36. Prime H, Wade M, Browne DT. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist 2020;75(5): 631-643. Doi: 10.1037/amp0000660.
  • 37. Yu Y, Li B. Effects of mindfulness and meaning in life on psychological distress in Chinese university students during the COVID-19 epidemic: A chained mediation model. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 53. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102211.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Yunus Kaya 0000-0003-1665-0377

Rabiye Akın This is me 0000-0002-0358-5425

Publication Date September 10, 2021
Submission Date May 4, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Kaya Y, Akın R. COVID-19 ile Yaşanan Sosyal İzolasyonun Aile ve Evlilik Yaşamına Yansımaları: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma. TJFMPC. 2021;15(3):510-2.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.