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Evaluation of particulate matter pollution in thrace and the relationship with mortality

Year 2020, , 124 - 132, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.661642

Abstract

Objective: The effects of exposure to air pollution have been investigated for many years. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the particulate matter (PM) pollution in Thrace between 2015-2017 and to calculate the preventable deaths with AirQ program. Methods: Our research is a descriptive, ecological study. Provincial and district centers measuring air quality in Edirne, Tekirdağ and Kırklareli, which are the three provinces in the TR21 sub-grouping of TURKSTAT, were included in our study. Between 01.01.2015-31.12.2017, hourly PM10 measurement data, which has taken from the website of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, www.havaizleme.gov.tr, was used to calculate the annual PM averages. With the AirQ, the number of deaths that can be avoided in cities is calculated, if pollution is reduced to WHO limits. Results: Annual averages at all stations are at least 2 times the WHO upper limit (20 µg/m3). In the calculations made for the province with AirQ; in Edirne, in 2015, 655 (19.45%), in 2016, 518 (16.06%) and in 2017, 544 (16.15%); In Kirklareli, in 2015, 333 (11.79%), in 2016, 392 (14.83%) and in 2017, 363 (12.98%); in Tekirdağ, in 2015, 870 (18.38%), in 2016, 995 (20.37%) and in 2017, 831 (16.75%) natural deaths above 30 years of age are attributed to air pollution. Conclusion: PM pollution is serious in Region Thrace and causes many preventable deaths. To fully assess all risks to health, the health effects of air pollutants should be further investigated at the individual level.

References

  • 1. Mangır N. İstanbul’da 2010 Yılına Ait Hava Kirliliği Envanterinin Halk Sağlığı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi [tez]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2014.
  • 2. Royal College of Physicians. Every Breath We Take: The Life long Impact of Air Pollution. Report of a Working Party. London: RCP;2016.
  • 3. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet. 2018;391:462–512.
  • 4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Outdoor Air Pollution vol. 109. Lyon: IARC; 2014.
  • 5. Karahan Y. Marmara Bölgesi’nde Hava Kirliliği Erken Uyarı Sistemi Geliştirilmesi: Örnek Bir Çalışma [tez]. İstanbul: Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2013.
  • 6. Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu S. Halk sağlığı temel bilgiler kitabı. 3. baskı. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2015.
  • 7. WHO [internet]. Ambient airpollution: Pollutants. Available from: https://www.who.int/airpollution/ambient/pollutants/en/. Accessed: 26.04.2019.
  • 8. WHO [internet]. Health Effects of Particulate Mattter. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/189051/Health-effects-of-particulate-matter-final-Eng.pdf. Accessed: 26.04.2019.
  • 9. Guarnieri M, Balmes JR. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. The Lancet. 2014;383(9928):1581-92.
  • 10. Lee BJ, Kim B, Lee K. Air Pollution Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease. Toxicological Research. 2014;30(2):71-5.
  • 11. Researchgate [internet]. Respiratory tract and particulate matter (PM) size classification. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Respiratory-tract-and-particulate-matter-PM-size-classification-Modified-from_fig14_321993233. Accessed:26.04.2019
  • 12. European Environment Agency [internet]. Airquality in Europe 2018 report. Available from : https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2018. Accessed: 28.04.2019
  • 13. Temiz Hava Hakkı Platformu [internet] Hava Kirliliği ve Sağlık Etkileri: Kara Rapor Availablefrom: https://www.temizhavahakki.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Hava-Kirlili%C4%9Fi-ve-Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-Etkileri-Kara-Rapor-2019.pdf. Accessed: 27.05.2019
  • 14. Lehtomaki H, Korhonen A, Asikainen A et al. Health Impacts of Ambient Air Pollution in Finland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018;15(4):736.
  • 15. Pinichka C, Makka N, Sukkumnoed D, Chariyalertsak S, Inchai P, Bundhamcharoen K. Burden of disease attributed to ambient air pollution in Thailand: A GIS-based approach. PloS one. 2017;12(12):e0189909.
  • 16. Dimovska M, Mladenovska R. Losing Years of Human Life in Heavy Polluted Cities in Macedonia. Maced J MedSci. 2019;7(3):428-34.
  • 17. Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH. Meteorological correlates and AirQ+ health risk assessment of ambient fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran. Environmental research. 2019;170:141-50.
  • 18. Kowalski M, Kowalska K, Kowalska M. Health benefits related to the reduction of PM concentration in ambient air, SilesianVoivodeship, Poland. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 2016;29(2):209-17.
  • 19. Li Y, Gibson JM, Jat P et al. Burden of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates: estimates based on observed air quality data. Science of the total environment. 2010;408(23):5784-93.
  • 20. Pascal M, Corso M, Chanel O et al. Assessing the public health impacts of urban airpollution in 25 Europe ancities: Results of theAphekom Project. Science of the Total Environment. 2013;449:390-400.

Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, , 124 - 132, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.661642

Abstract

Amaç: Hava kirliliğine maruz kalmanın etkileri uzun yıllardan beri araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Trakya’da 2015-2017 yılları arasındaki partiküler madde (PM) kirliliğini incelemek ve AirQ programı ile önlenebilir ölüm sayılarını hesaplamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmamız tanımlayıcı, ekolojik bir çalışmadır. TÜİK’in TR21 alt gruplamasında yer alan 3 il olan Edirne, Tekirdağ ve Kırklareli illerinde yer alan ve hava kalitesi ölçümü yapılan il ve ilçe merkezleri çalışmamıza dâhil edilmiştir. Yıllık PM ortalamalarını hesaplamak için, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı’nın internet sitesi www.havaizleme.gov.tr sitesinden elde edilen 01.01.2015-31.12.2017 tarihleri arasındaki saatlik PM10 ölçüm verileri kullanılmıştır. AirQ ile illerde, kirlilik DSÖ limitlerine indirildiğinde önlenebilecek ölüm sayıları hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Tüm istasyonlarda yıllık ortalamalar DSÖ yıllık üst limitinin (20 µg/m3) en az 2 katıdır. AirQ ile il geneli için yapılan hesaplamalarda; Edirne ilinde 2015 yılında 655 (%19.45), 2016 yılında 518 (% 16.06) ve 2017 yılında 544 ( %16.15); Kırklareli’nde 2015’te 333 (% 11.79), 2016’da 392 (% 14.83) ve 2017’de 363 (% 12.98); Tekirdağ’da 2015 yılında 870 ( %18.38), 2016 yılında 995 ( % 20.37) ve 2017 yılında da 831 (% 16.75), 30 yaş üstü doğal ölüm hava kirliliğine atfedilmektedir. Sonuç: PM kirliliği Trakya’da ciddi boyutlardadır ve önlenebilir pek çok ölüme sebep olmaktadır. Sağlık üzerindeki tüm riskleri tam olarak değerlendirmek için, havadaki kirleticilerin sağlık etkileri, bireysel düzeyde daha fazla araştırılmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Mangır N. İstanbul’da 2010 Yılına Ait Hava Kirliliği Envanterinin Halk Sağlığı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi [tez]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2014.
  • 2. Royal College of Physicians. Every Breath We Take: The Life long Impact of Air Pollution. Report of a Working Party. London: RCP;2016.
  • 3. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet. 2018;391:462–512.
  • 4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Outdoor Air Pollution vol. 109. Lyon: IARC; 2014.
  • 5. Karahan Y. Marmara Bölgesi’nde Hava Kirliliği Erken Uyarı Sistemi Geliştirilmesi: Örnek Bir Çalışma [tez]. İstanbul: Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2013.
  • 6. Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu S. Halk sağlığı temel bilgiler kitabı. 3. baskı. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2015.
  • 7. WHO [internet]. Ambient airpollution: Pollutants. Available from: https://www.who.int/airpollution/ambient/pollutants/en/. Accessed: 26.04.2019.
  • 8. WHO [internet]. Health Effects of Particulate Mattter. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/189051/Health-effects-of-particulate-matter-final-Eng.pdf. Accessed: 26.04.2019.
  • 9. Guarnieri M, Balmes JR. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. The Lancet. 2014;383(9928):1581-92.
  • 10. Lee BJ, Kim B, Lee K. Air Pollution Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease. Toxicological Research. 2014;30(2):71-5.
  • 11. Researchgate [internet]. Respiratory tract and particulate matter (PM) size classification. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Respiratory-tract-and-particulate-matter-PM-size-classification-Modified-from_fig14_321993233. Accessed:26.04.2019
  • 12. European Environment Agency [internet]. Airquality in Europe 2018 report. Available from : https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2018. Accessed: 28.04.2019
  • 13. Temiz Hava Hakkı Platformu [internet] Hava Kirliliği ve Sağlık Etkileri: Kara Rapor Availablefrom: https://www.temizhavahakki.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Hava-Kirlili%C4%9Fi-ve-Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-Etkileri-Kara-Rapor-2019.pdf. Accessed: 27.05.2019
  • 14. Lehtomaki H, Korhonen A, Asikainen A et al. Health Impacts of Ambient Air Pollution in Finland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018;15(4):736.
  • 15. Pinichka C, Makka N, Sukkumnoed D, Chariyalertsak S, Inchai P, Bundhamcharoen K. Burden of disease attributed to ambient air pollution in Thailand: A GIS-based approach. PloS one. 2017;12(12):e0189909.
  • 16. Dimovska M, Mladenovska R. Losing Years of Human Life in Heavy Polluted Cities in Macedonia. Maced J MedSci. 2019;7(3):428-34.
  • 17. Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH. Meteorological correlates and AirQ+ health risk assessment of ambient fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran. Environmental research. 2019;170:141-50.
  • 18. Kowalski M, Kowalska K, Kowalska M. Health benefits related to the reduction of PM concentration in ambient air, SilesianVoivodeship, Poland. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 2016;29(2):209-17.
  • 19. Li Y, Gibson JM, Jat P et al. Burden of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates: estimates based on observed air quality data. Science of the total environment. 2010;408(23):5784-93.
  • 20. Pascal M, Corso M, Chanel O et al. Assessing the public health impacts of urban airpollution in 25 Europe ancities: Results of theAphekom Project. Science of the Total Environment. 2013;449:390-400.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Aziz Altunok 0000-0002-3020-4480

Muzaffer Eskiocak 0000-0002-4682-545X

Publication Date December 27, 2020
Submission Date December 19, 2019
Acceptance Date December 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Altunok, A., & Eskiocak, M. (2020). Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 18(3), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.661642
AMA Altunok A, Eskiocak M. Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. TJPH. December 2020;18(3):124-132. doi:10.20518/tjph.661642
Chicago Altunok, Aziz, and Muzaffer Eskiocak. “Trakya’da partiküler Madde kirliliği Ve Mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18, no. 3 (December 2020): 124-32. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.661642.
EndNote Altunok A, Eskiocak M (December 1, 2020) Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18 3 124–132.
IEEE A. Altunok and M. Eskiocak, “Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi”, TJPH, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 124–132, 2020, doi: 10.20518/tjph.661642.
ISNAD Altunok, Aziz - Eskiocak, Muzaffer. “Trakya’da partiküler Madde kirliliği Ve Mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18/3 (December 2020), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.661642.
JAMA Altunok A, Eskiocak M. Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. TJPH. 2020;18:124–132.
MLA Altunok, Aziz and Muzaffer Eskiocak. “Trakya’da partiküler Madde kirliliği Ve Mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 18, no. 3, 2020, pp. 124-32, doi:10.20518/tjph.661642.
Vancouver Altunok A, Eskiocak M. Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. TJPH. 2020;18(3):124-32.

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