THE ACUTE EFFECT OF STATIC VERSUS PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION STRETCHING COMBINED WITH KINESIOLOGY TAPING® OF HAMSTRING MUSCLES ON FUNCTIONAL TESTS IN ADOLESCENT TAEKWONDO ATHLETES

Abstract

Purpose: In taekwondo, muscle flexibility specifically in the lower limb is of great importance for athletic performance. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of static versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching combined with kinesiology taping (KT) of the hamstring muscle on functional tests in adolescent taekwondo athletes. Methods: 20 adolescent taekwondo athletes aged 9 to 18 years with red, black belt color participated in this study. They performed static, or PNF stretching in both legs, then two I strips with 30% tension as an inhibitory fashion was applied over the hamstring muscles of one leg and the other leg was determined as control. Single leg vertical jump test, single leg hop test, and taekwondo specific agility test (TSAT) were performed before, just after, and 24 hours after interventions. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis of the data. All functional tests results demonstrated significant improvement over time (Single leg vertical jump (p=0.005), single leg hop test (p=0.01), and TSAT (p=0.03)) but none of the stretching or the KT groups affected the functional performance of the participants (Single leg vertical jump (p=0.36) and single leg hop test (p=0.50)). Conclusion: We think that both static and PNF stretching exercises improve the functional performance of adolescent taekwando athletes for up to 24 hours, however KT application has no significant effect.

Keywords

• athletes
• functional tests
• kinesiology taping
• streching

ADÖLESAN TEKVANDO SPORCULARINDA KİNEZYOLOJİK BANTLAMA® İLE BİRLİKTE UYGULANAN STATİK GERMEYE KARŞI PROPRİOSEPTİF NÖROMUSKÜLER GERMENİN FONKSİYONEL TESTLERE AKUT ETKİSİ

Öz

Amaç: Özellikle alt ekstremitedeki kas esnekliği, tekvandoda sportif performans için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, adölesan taekwondo sporcularında hamstring kasına uygulanan kinezyolojik bantlama ile birlikte statik veya proprioseptif nöromüsküler fasilitasyon (PNF) germe egzersizinin akut etkilerini fonksiyonel testler üzerinde değerlendirdik. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 9-18 yaş arası kırmızı, siyah kuşaklı 20 adölesan tekvando oyuncusu katıldı. Her iki bacağa statik veya PNF germe uygulandı. Ardından bir bacağın hamstring kasına inhibisyon amacıyla %30 gerimli iki adet I bandı uygulanırken diğer bacak kontrol olarak belirlendi. Müdahalelerden önce, hemen sonra ve 24 saat sonra tek bacak dikey sıçrama testi, tek bacak hoplama testi ve tekvandoya özgü çeviklik testi (TÖÇT) uygulandı. Sonuçlar: İstatistiksel analizler için tekrarlanan ölçümlerde ANOVA testi kullanıldı. Tüm fonksiyonel test sonuçları zaman içinde artış gösterdi (tek bacak dikey sıçrama testi p=0,005, tek bacak hoplama testi p=0,01 ve TÖÇT p=0,03) ancak germe veya KT gruplarının hiçbirinde katılımcıların fonksiyonel performansının etkilenmediği görüldü (tek bacak dikey sıçrama testi p=0,36 ve tek bacak hoplama testi için p=0,50). Tartışma: Herhangi belirgin bir fark olmadan hem statik hem de PNF germe egzersizlerinin, adölesan tekvando oyuncularının fonksiyonel performansını 24 saate kadar iyileştirebilir. KT uygulamasının önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sporcular
• fonksiyonel testler
• kinezyolojik bantlama
• germe

References

1. 1. Mendonça LDM, Bittencourt NFN, Guimarães CQ, da Silva AA, da Fonseca ST, editors. Isokinetic Analysis Of Hamstrings And Quadriceps Muscles In The Male And Female Taekwondo Brazilian National Team. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive; 2007.
2. 2. Favarini RA, Pereira BM, de Moraes JH, Monteiro AD, de Souza AM, Menzel H-J, et al., editors. Cinematic analysis during a kick of Taekwondo after passive static stretching exercise. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive; 2007.
3. 3. Mendonça LDM, Bittencourt NFN, Guimarães CQ, da Silva AA, da Fonseca ST, editors. ISOKINETIC ANALYSIS OF HAMSTRINGS AND QUADRICEPS MUSCLES IN THE MALE AND FEMALE TAEKWONDO BRAZILIAN NATIONAL TEAM. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive; 2007.
4. 4. Preuschl E, Hassmann M, Baca A. A Kinematic Analysis of the Jumping Front-Leg Axe-Kick in Taekwondo. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2016;15(1):92.
5. 5. Hill KJ, Robinson KP, Cuchna JW, Hoch MC. Immediate Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Programs Compared With Passive Stretching Programs for Hamstring Flexibility: A Critically Appraised Topic. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2017;26(6).
6. 6. Nuri L, Ghotbi N, Faghihzadeh S. Acute effects of static stretching, active warm up, or passive warm up on flexibility of the plantar flexor muscles of Iranian professional female taekwondo athletes. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. 2013;21(3):263-8.
7. 7. Bradley PS, Olsen PD, Portas MD. The effect of static, ballistic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007;21(1):223.
8. 8. Ozmen T, Gunes GY, Dogan H, Ucar I, Willems M. The effect of kinesio taping versus stretching techniques on muscle soreness, and flexibility during recovery from nordic hamstring exercise. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2017;21(1):41-7.

9. 9. Ghram A, Damak M, Costa P. Effect of acute contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on static balance in healthy men. Science & Sports. 2017;32(1):e1-e7.
10. 10. Konrad A, Tilp M. Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures. Clinical Biomechanics. 2014;29(6):636-42.
11. 11. Behm DG, Blazevich AJ, Kay AD, McHugh M. Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism. 2015;41(1):1-11.
12. 12. Peck E, Chomko G, Gaz DV, Farrell AM. The effects of stretching on performance. Current sports medicine reports. 2014;13(3):179-85.
13. 13. Lee Y-Y, Chang H-Y, Chang Y-C, Chen J-M, editors. The effect of applied direction of Kinesio taping in ankle muscle strength and flexibility. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive; 2012.
14. 14. Merino-Marban R, Fernandez-Rodriguez E, Lopez-Fernandez I, Mayorga-Vega D. The acute effect of kinesio taping on hamstring extensibility in university students. Journal of physical education and sport. 2011;11(2):133.
15. 15. Pourahmadi MR, Bagheri R, Jannati E, Takamjani IE, Sarrafzadeh J, Mohsenifar H. Effect of Elastic Therapeutic Taping on Abdominal Muscle Endurance in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover Trial. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2018;41(7):609-20.
16. 16. Lumbroso D, Ziv E, Vered E, Kalichman L. The effect of kinesio tape application on hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles in healthy young adults. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2014;18(1):130-8.
17. 17. Sanioglu A, Ergun S, Erkmen N, Taskin H, Goktepe AS, Kaplan T. The effect of ankle taping on isokinetic strength and vertical jumping performance in elite taekwondo athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2009;17(2):73-8.
18. 18. Chaabene H, Negra Y, Capranica L, Bouguezzi R, Hachana Y, Rouahi MA, et al. Validity and reliability of a new test of planned agility in elite taekwondo athletes. 2018;32(9):2542-7.
19. 19. Chaabene H, Negra Y, Capranica L, Bouguezzi R, Hachana Y, Rouahi MA, et al. Validity and reliability of a new test of planned agility in elite taekwondo athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2018;32(9):2542-7.
20. 20. Munro AG, Herrington LC. Between-session reliability of four hop tests and the agility T-test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2011;25(5):1470-7.
21. 21. Risberg MA, Ekeland A. Assessment of functional tests after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1994;19(4):212-7.
22. 22. Sharman MJ, Cresswell AG, Riek S. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. Sports medicine. 2006;36(11):929-39.
23. 23. Kaya F. Positive effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on sports performance: A review. Journal of Education and Training Studies. 2018;6(6):1-12.
24. 24. Martínez-Gramage J, Merino-Ramirez M, Amer-Cuenca J, Lisón J. Effect of Kinesio Taping on gastrocnemius activity and ankle range of movement during gait in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2016;18:56-61.
25. 25. Jung HC, Lee NH, Ok G, Jeon S, Lee S. Acute Effects of Different Stretching Protocols Combined with Potentiating Exercise on Flexibility and Power Performance in Males: 1823 June 2, 2: 30 PM-2: 45 PM. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2016;48(5 Suppl 1):498.
26. 26. Eftekhari S, Khayambashi K, Marandi SM, Yosefzadeh M. To compare immediate, 24 and 48 hours effects of static, dynamic and PNF stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2015;9(3):64-71.
27. 27. Arjang N, Mohsenifar H, Amiri A, Dadgoo M, Rasaeifar G. The Immediate Effects of Static versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching with Kinesiology Taping on Hamstring Flexibility in Teenage Taekwondo Players. Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research. 2018;3(4):132-8.
28. 28. Beltrão N, Ritti-Dias R, Pitangui A, De Araújo R. Correlation between acute and short-term changes in flexibility using two stretching techniques. International journal of sports medicine. 2014;35(14):1151-4.
29. 29. Minshull C, Eston R, Bailey A, Rees D, Gleeson N. The differential effects of PNF versus passive stretch conditioning on neuromuscular performance. European journal of sport science. 2014;14(3):233-41.
30. 30. Shadmehr A, Hadian MR, Naiemi SS, Jalaie S. Hamstring flexibility in young women following passive stretch and muscle energy technique. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2009;22(3):143-8.