Niğde Bölgesinde Ökse Otunun (Viscum album) Konukçularında Oluşturduğu Enfeksiyon Şiddetinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Niğde bölgesinde 2013-2014 yıllarında yapılan çalışmada, meyve ve park ağacı çeşitlerinde yapılan ökseotu sürveyi neticesinde bu ağaçlarda yarı parazit yaşayan Viscum album türüne ait alt türün Viscum album ssp. album olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alıç, ahlat, Ankara armudu, badem, Braeburn elma, erik, kayısı, vişne, akasya, kanada kavağı ve söğüt ağaçlarında Viscum album ssp. album’a rastlanırken; Amasya, Fuji, Galaxy, Golden, Granny smith, Mondial gala, Red chief, Scarlet spur, Starking, Super chief elma çeiştleri, kiraz, Deveci armudu, Selvi kavak ve dut gibi ağaçlarda rastlanmamıştır. Bu konukçularda Viscum album ssp. album’un oluşturduğu enfeksiyon şiddeti ise en yüksek; Badem (Amygdalus spp.) %48.54, kayısı (Prunus armenica L.) %34.98 ve Ankara armutda (Pyrus communis L.) %28.64, oranında tespit eidlmiştir. En düşük ise elmada (Malus domestica cv Braeburn) %2.20 oranında saptanmıştır

Keywords

• Viscum album ssp. album, meyve-park ağaçları, enfeksiyon şiddeti

Determination of Infection Rate of Mistletoe (Viscum album) on Hosts in Niğde Province

Abstract

The study conducted in Nigde region in 2013-2014 year, through the Mistletoe survey performed on some furit and park trees, it was determined that the species of Viscum album was Viscum album ssp. album which semi parazitic living on these trees. While Viscum album ssp. album was found in the trees of whitethorn, wild pear, Ankara pear, almond, Braeburn apple, plum, apricot, sour cherry, locust, Canada poplar and willow, it was not detected in trees such as Amasya, Fuji, Galaxy, Golden, Granny Smith, Mondial Gala, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Starking, Super Chief Apple varietes, cherry, Deveci pear, Cypress poplar and mulberry. Among these hosts, the severity of the disease caused by Viscum album ssp. album was determined as the highest on Almond (Amygdalus spp.) 48.54%, Apricot (Prunus armenica L.) 34.98 % and Pear (Pyrus communis L.) 28.64%. The lowest rate on apple (Malus domestica cv Braeburn)it was around 2.20 %.

Keywords

• Viscum album ssp. album, fruit-park trees, infection violence

References

1. Barney C.W., Hawksworth F.G. ve Geils B.W. 1998. Hosts of Viscum album. European Journalof Forest Pathology, Vol. 28, pp. 187-208, ISSN 1439-0329.
2. Baytop T. 1994. Türkçe bitki adlan sözlüğü, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Yayın No:578, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara (1994).
3. Böhling N., Greuter W., Raus T., Snogerup B., Snogerup S., Zuber D. 2003. Notes on the cretan mistletoe, Viscum album subsp. creticum subsp. nova (Loranthaceae/Viscaceae).J. Pl. Sci. (Suppl.) 50: 77–84.
4. Brıggs J. 1996. Mistletoe distribution, biology and the national survey. British Wildlife, 7(2), 25-28.
5. Brıggs J. 2003. A seasonal review of mistletoe. biologist(2003)50 (6), page: 250-251.
6. Bussing A. 2000. Mistletoe: the genus Viscum (medicinal and asromatic plants industrial profiles) Harwood Academic Press.
7. Calder M., Bernhardt P. 1983. The biology of mistletoes. Acedemic Press Inc. 3, P.23-25, Fifth Avenue, New York, US.
8. Davıs P.H., Edmondson J.R., Mıll R.R., Tan K.. 1982. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. University of Edinburg. Department of Botany, Volume:7,Page:547-548.

9. Dorworth CE. 1989. European mistletoe (Viseum album ssp. album) in Canada. Plant Dis.73, 444.
10. Ergun F., Deliorman D. 1995. Farklı konakçılardaki Vìscum album L.örneklerinin etken maddeleri yönünden incelenmesi. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, 24, (2), 21-33.
11. Grundmann BM., Pietzarka U., Roloff A. 2010. Viscum album L. Enzyclopedia of Woody Plants 56: 1–23.
12. Hajto T., Hostanska K., Berki T., Palinkas L., Boldizsar F., Nemeth P. 2005. Oncopharmacological perspectives of a plant Lectin (Viscum album agglutinin-ı): overview of recent results from in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models, and their possible relevance for clinical applications. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2:59–67.
13. Hawksworth F.G., Scharpf R.F. 1986. Spread of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.)in California,U.S.A. European Journal of Forest Pathology,16:1-5.
14. Hawksworth F.G., Scharpf Rf., Marosy M. 1991. European mistletoe continues to spread in sonoma county. California Agriculture 45(6):39-40.
15. Hawksworth F.G. ve Wiens D. 1996. Dwarf mistletoes (Viscum album L.), biology, pathology and systematics. U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Agricultural Handbook 709.
16. Heide-jørgensen HS. 2015. The Mistletoe Viscum album. www.viscum.dk Idzojtıc M. 2003. Hosts and distribution of the white berried mistletoe (V.album ssp.album.L.) in Crotia.Sumarskı List, number 9-10, p.1.
17. Karlık J. 2000. Plant parasitic mistletoe. division of agriculture and natural resources-communication services,P. 15-16.
18. Kirkup D.W., Polhill R.M. ve Wiens D. 2000. Viscum in the context of its family viscaceae and its diversity in Africa. In: Mistletoe: The Genus Viscum, ed. A. Bussing. Harwood Academic Publishers.
19. Kolodziejek j., Patykowski J. ve Kolodziejek, R. 2013. Distribution, frequency and host patterns of European mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. album) in the major city of Lodz, Poland. Biologia 68/(1): 55-64.
20. Lopez-sa’ez J.A. 1999. Polen morphology of Viscum spp. in Spain. V.34,Page:5, Laboratorio de Arqueobot
21. Lütgen E. 2009. Mistelten og Fuglene. Natur og Museum 48/2: 4-13.
22. Mıller A.G. 1982. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Davis, P.H Ed., Univercity of Edinburg, Vol.7:547
23. Nickrent D.L., Malécot .V., Vidal-Russell R, Der J.R. 2010. A Revised classification of santalales. Taxon 59:538–558.
24. Stanton S., Torrado S.B., Honnay O. 2010. Seed germination tests of the parasitic perennial Viscum album (Viscaceae) from fragmented habitats at the Northern Edge of Its Range. Plant Ecol. Evol. 143 (2): 113–118.
25. Tepe I. 1997. Türkiye’de tarım ve tarım dışı alanlarda sorun olan yabancı otlar ve mücadeleleri.Yüzüncü Yıl Ünv.Yayınları no:32, sayfa:112,Van.
26. Üstüner T. 2003. Identification and density of viscum species in Nigde province.The journal of Turkish Weed Science, Volume, 6; Number, 2. Page:45-53.
27. Varga I, Poczai P., Tiborcz V., Réka Aranyi N., Baltazár T., Bartha D., Pejchal M., Hyvönen J. 2014. Changes in the distribution of European mistletoe (Viscum album) in Hungary during the last hundred years. Folia Geobot. DOI 10.1007/s12224-014-9193-5
28. Vicas S., Prokisch J., Rugina D. ve Socaciu C. 2009. Hydrophilic and Lipophilic antioxidant activities of mistletoe (Viscum album) as determined by FRAP Method. Notulae Botanicae Cluj-Napoca Vol. 37 No.2, pp. 112-116, ISSN 0255- 965X.
29. Wılm K.H. 2003. Phytopathology, diseases of plants mistletoe.V.38,p.21.
30. Zeybek N. 1985. Farmasötik botanik, Ege üniversitesi Eczacılık fakültesi yayınları No. 1, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir, 390 s.
31. Zuber D. 2004. Biological flora of Central Europe: Viscum album L. Flora 199: 181–203.