Beş Farklı Bitki Ekstraktının Domateste Zararlı Kök-Ur Nematod (Meloidogyne incognita Irk 2 ve M. arenaria Irk 2) (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae)'larına Karşı Sera Koşullarındaki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Sebzelerin önemli zararlılarından biri de bitki köklerinde urlar meydana getirerek ekonomik değerde ürün kayıplarına neden olan kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) (KUN)'dır. Bu zararlı Türkiye’nin kıyı bölgeleri başta olmak üzere örtü altı sebze yetiştiriciliği yapılan tüm alanlarda yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, biber (Capsicum frutescens L.), ban otu (Hyoscyamus niger L.) (Solanaceae), pıtrak (Xanthium strumarium L.), civanperçemi (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) (Asteraceae) ve tespih ağacı (Melia azedarach L.) (Meliaceae) bitkilerinden elde edilen ekstraktların 3 farklı konsantrasyonunun (%3, 6 ve 12) kök-ur nematod (Meloidogyne incognita ırk 2 ve M. arenaria ırk 2)'larına karşı etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında saksılara şaşırtılan domates (SC-2121 çeşidi) fidelerinin köklerine, M. incognita ve M. arenaria'ya ait 1000 larva (L2) ve 3000 yumurta ile birlikte bitkisel ekstraktlar uygulanmıştır. Denemeler Mart-Mayıs (2013) ayları arasında sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. İnokulasyondan yaklaşık dokuz hafta sonra bitkiler sökülerek değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Denemeler sonunda; her bir bitki kökündeki kök-ur nematodlarına ait yumurta paketi sayısı, bitkinin boyu, bitkinin yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda M. arenaria’nin yumurta açılımına H. niger’in %12 (14,8±4,4) ve X. strumarium’un %12 (15±4,6)’lik konsantrasyonları etkili bulunmuş, M. incognita’nin yumurta açılımına ise X. strumarium’un %12 (11,4±5,1)’lik konsantrasyonu etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. M. arenaria ve M. incognita’nin L2'lerine karşı M. azedarach’ın %12 (7,4±3,4 ve 7,4±2,5 sırasıyla)’lik konsantrasyonunun etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler kullanılan bitki ekstraktlarının kök-ur nematodlarını baskılamada etkili olduğunu göstermiştir

Keywords

• Kök-ur nematodu, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, bitkisel ekstraktlar, domates

The Effect of Five Different Plant Extracts on Root-Knot Nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita Race 2 and M. arenaria Race 2 (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae)] Infesting Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKNs) is one of the major pests of vegetables, which causes economic losses to vegetable production by bringing knots in the roots. RKNs are generally seen in the greenhouse vegetable growing areas of the coastal regions in Turkey. Herein, the effects of plant extracts (concentration of 3, 6 and 12%) from five different plant species; pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) (Solanaceae), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) (Asteraceae) and bead-tree (Melia azedarah L.) (Meliaceae) were evaluated against the RKNs (Meloidogyne incognita race 2 and M. arenaria race 2). 1000 juvenile (J2) and 3000 eggs of M. incognita and M. arenaria were applied to the roots of tomato plants (SC-2121 variety) under greenhouse conditions. Plant extracts were applied at the same time with RKNs to the roots. Bioassay experiments were conducted during March to May (2013). The plants were pulled off 9 weeks after the application of plant extracts and assessed for the efficacy of the extracts. Different parameters such as total number of egg mass; fresh and dry root weight; fresh and dry weight of the above ground strata of the plants and plant height were measured at harvest. As a result, 12% of concentration H. niger (14,8±4,4) and 12% of X. strumarium (15±4,6) significantly suppressed the eggs of M. arenaria. The 12% concentration of X. strumarium (11,4±5,1) was found to be the most effective against M. incognita eggs. It was found that the 12% concentration of M. azedarach significantly suppressed the J2 of M. arenaria and M. incognita (7,4±3,4 and 7,4±2,5 respectively). The results showed that these plant extracts could be utilized for suppressing the RKNs used in this study

Keywords

• Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, plant extracts, tomato

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