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Bağ ve Bahçelerde Örtücü Bitki Seçim Kriterleri, Ekolojik Katkıları ve Yabancı Ot Mücadelesindeki Yeri

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 177 - 187, 31.12.2020

Abstract

İnsan sağlığı, ekolojik denge ve bu kapsamda yer alan biyoçeşitliliğin korunması çabaları ile birlikte ekonomik üretim talepleri gün geçtikçe artmıştır. Bundan dolayı tarımsal enerjinin verimli kullanılmasında, tüm tarımsal faaliyetlerin agroekosistem çerçevesinde beraber sürdürülebilmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Tarımsal alanda canlıların varlığıyla, yeraltı-yerüstü su kaynakları ile havanın korunması, ayrıca toprak üretkenliğinin sağlanması konusunda özellikle çok yıllık kültürlerde örtücü bitki kullanımı önem taşımaktadır. Örtücü bitkilerin yetiştiricilik sistemi içerisinde birçok faydası bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan bir taneside yabancı otlarla rekabet etme yetenekleridir. Ekonomik ömürleri onlarca yıl olan bahçe ve bağlarda, daima aynı yabancı ot mücadele stratejilerinin ve yöntemlerinin kullanılması ilerleyen zamanda toprak verimliliğinin azalmasına ve beraberinde kültür bitkisi gelişiminde yavaşlamaya sebep olmaktadır. Bu derlemede çok yıllık kültür bitkilerinde yabancı ot mücadelesinde önemli yere sahip olan örtücü bitki kullanımında belirlenebilecek kriterler, ekolojiye olan etkileri ve yabancı ot mücadelesindeki yeri değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • Acar Z., Aşçı Ö.Ö., Ayan I., Mut H., Başaran U. (2006). Yem Bitkilerinde Karışık Ekim Sistemleri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3): 379-386.
  • Ağaoğlu S., Gülşen Y. Halloran N. (1995). Genel Bahçe Bitkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları No:4, Ankara. 13-25 s.
  • Bahar E., Korkutal İ., Yaşasın A.S. (2010). Bağcılıkta örtülü toprak işleme ve örtü bitkileri. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2): 3-13.
  • Blackshaw R.E., Moyer J.R., Doram R.C., Boswell A.L. (2001). Yellow sweetclover, green manure, and its residues effectively suppress weed during fallow. Weed Science, 49: 406-413.
  • Blanchart E., Villenave C., Viallatoux A., Barthes B., Girardin C., Azontonde A., Feller C. (2006). Longterm effect of a legume cover crop (Mucunapruriens var. utilis) on the communities of soil macrofauna and nematofauna, under maize cultivation, in southern Benin. European Journal of Soil Biology, 42: 136-144.
  • Bond W., Grundy A.C. (2001). Non-chemical weed management in organic farming systems. Weed Research, 41(5): 383-405.
  • Bradshaw L., Lanini W.T. (1995). Use of perennial cover crops to suppress weeds in Nicaraguan coffee orchards. International Journal of Pest Management, 41(4): 185-194.
  • Bugg R.L., Hoenisch R. (2000). Cover cropping in California vineyards part of biological, integrated farming system. Proceedings 6th International Congress on Organic Viticulture, (25-26 August 2000), pp.104-107 Basel.
  • Conservation Evidence (2020). Providing evidence to improve practice. https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/1367. (Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2020).
  • Dabney S.M., Delgado J.A., Reeves D.W. (2001). Using winter cover crops to improve soil quality and water quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 1221-1250.
  • Doll D. (2019). Cover crop research review: How can it help almonds? Posted on June 30. (Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2020)
  • Evans D.O., Joy R.J., Chia C.L. (1988). Cover Crops for Orchards in Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University Of Hawaii, Research Extension Series 094.
  • Grafton-Cardwell E.E., Ouyang Y., Bugg R.L. (1999). Leguminous cover crops to enhance population development of Euseiustularensis (acari: phytoseiidae) in citrus. Biological Control, 16(1): 73-80.
  • Hartwig N.L., Ammon H.U. (2002). Cover crops and living mulches. Weed Science, 50(6): 688-699.
  • Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., Mcgourty G., Christensen P. (1998). Cover Cropping in Vineyards: A Grower's Handbook. UC ANR Publications. ISBN-13: 978-1-879906-35-8. California, 168 p.
  • Isık D., Dok M., Ak K., Macit I., Demir Z., Mennan, H. (2013). Possible use of cover crops in weed control on kiwi orchards in black sea region of Turkey. European Weed Research Socity Joint Workshop Of The Ewrs Working Groups: Novel And Sustainable Weed Management In Arid And Semi-Arid Agro Ecosystems And Weed Mapping. Book of Abstracts, p 45.
  • Isık D., Kaya E., Ngouajio M., Mennan H. (2009). Summer cover crops for weed management and yield improvement in organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production. Phytoparasitica, 37: 193-203.
  • Jannoyer M.L., Le Bellec F., Lavigne C., Achard R., Malézieux E. (2011). Ecological engineering: from concepts to applications. Choosing cover crops to enhance ecological services in orchards: a multiple criteria and systemic approach applied to tropical areas. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 9: 104-112.
  • Jarvis-Shean K.J., Lightle D. (2019). Your source for orchard news & information in the Sacramento Valley Orchard. Cover Crop Seed Selection. Posted on July 17 2019. http://www.sacvalleyorchards.com/almonds/horticulture/cover-crop-seed-selection/ (Erişim tarihi:16.01.2020)
  • Kitis Y.E., Koloren O., Uygur F.N. (2011). Evaluation of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as livingmulch for ecological weed control in citrus orchards. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(5): 1257-1264.
  • Kruidhof H.M., Bastiaans L., Kropff M.J. (2008). Ecological weed management by cover cropping: effects on weed growth in autumn and weed establishment in spring. Weed Research, 48: 492-502.
  • Lavigne C., Achard R., Tixier P., Jannoyer M.L. (2012). How to Integrate Cover Crops to Enhance Sustainability in Banana and Citrus Cropping Systems. Proc. XXVIIIth IHC – IS on Citrus, Bananas and Other Trop. Fruits under Subtrop. Conditions. Eds.: J.-N. Wünsche and L.G. Albrigo Acta Horticulture, 928.
  • Le Bellec F., Damas O., Boullenger G., Vannière H., Jannoyer M.L. (2012). Weed Control with a Cover Crop (Neonotonia wightii) in Mandarin Orchards in Guadeloupe (FWI). Proc. XXVIIIth IHC – IS on Citrus, Bananas and Other Trop. Fruits under Subtrop. Conditions Eds.: J.-N. Wünsche and L.G. Albrigo Acta Horticulture, 928.
  • Linares J., Scholberg J., Boote K., Chase C.A., Ferguson J.J., McSorley R. (2008). Use of the Cover Crop Weed Index to Evaluate Weed Suppression by Cover Crops in Organic Citrus Orchards. Hortscience, 43(1).
  • Lu Y.C., Watkins K.B., Teasdale J.R., Abdul-Baki A.A. (2000). Cover crops in sustainable food production. Food Reviews International, 16: 121-157.
  • Malik R.K, Green T.H., Brown G.F., Mays D. (2000). Use of cover crops in short rotation hardwood plantations to control erosion. Biomass and Bioenergy, 18: 479-487.
  • Manici L.M., Kelderer M., Caputo F., Nicoletti F., Picione F.D.L., Topp A.R. (2015). Impact of cover crop in pre-plant of apple orchards: relationship between crop health, root inhabiting fungi and rhizospheric bacteria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95: 947-958.
  • Mauromicale G., Occhipinti A., Mauro R.P. (2010). Selection of shade-adapted subterranean clover species for cover cropping in orchards. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30(2): 473–480. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1051/agro/2009035. (Erişim tarihi:16.01.2020)
  • Mcgourty G. (2004). Cover cropping systems for organically farmed vineyards Practical Winery&Vineyard , Wine Growing. September-October 2004. 7 p.
  • Mennan H., Jabran K., Zandstra B.H., Pala F. (2020). Non-Chemical Weed Management in Vegetables by Using Cover Crops: A Review. Agronomy, 10: 257. doi:10.3390/agronomy10020257.
  • Mennan H., Ngouajio M., Kaya E., Isık, D. (2009). Weed management in organically grown kale using alternative cover cropping systems. Weed Technology, 23: 81–88.
  • NRCS (2014). Cover cropping in orchards, vineyards and other woody perennial horticultural crops. Natural Resources Conservation Service, CSP Enhancement Washington State Supplement. Land Use Applicability: Cropland January 2014.
  • Parlak M., Özaslan Parlak A., Türkmen E. (2015). The Effect of Cover Crops to Soil Erosion in Olive Orchards. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 52 (1): 49-56.
  • Saeb K., Taleghani S., Hajati R.J., Fotokian M.H. (2011). Cover Crops and their Effects of Time Harvesting on the Control of Weed in Citrus Orchards in Northern Iran. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 8(2): 539-548.
  • Sainju U.M., Singh B.P., Whitehead W.F. (2002). Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA. Soil & Tillage Research, 63: 167-179.
  • Shrestha A., Kurtural S.K., Fidelibus M.W. (2012). Weed management comparisonsin organic vineyards: Economics and Efficiency 63rd Mtg. Amer. Soc. Enol. Viticult. Portlant, OR.
  • Snapp S.S., Swinton, S.M., Labarta R., Mutch D., Black J.R., Leep R., Nyiraneza J., O’Neil K. (2005). Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agronomy Journal, 97: 1-11.
  • Steenwerth K, Belina K.M. (2008). Cover crops enhance soil organic matter, carbon Dynamics and microbiological function in a vineyard agroecosystem. Applied Soil Ecology, 40: 359-369.
  • Temel N., Eymirli S., Avcı M. (2011). Organik turunçgil yetiştiriciliğinde yabancı ot mücadelesinde örtücü bitkilerden yararlanma olanakları. Alatarım Dergisi, 10(2): 72-78.
  • Thiessen-Martens J.R., Entz M.H., Hoeppner J.W. (2005). Legume cover crops with winter cereals in southern Manitoba: Fertilizer replacement values for oat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85: 645-648.
  • Thomas F., Mayse A., Chaney D. (2002). Cover Cropping In Orchards & Vineyards. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program.
  • Tursun N., Isık D., Demir Z., Jabran K. (2018). Use of Living, Mowed, and Soil-Incorporated Cover Crops for Weed Control in Apricot Orchards. Agronomy, 8:150. doi:10.3390/agronomy 8080150.
  • Van Sambeek J. (2017). Cover crops to improve soil health and pollinator habitat in nut orchards. Missouri Nut Growers Association (MGNA) Newsletter. 17(2): 6-12.
  • Zhou H., Yu Y., Tan X., Chen A., Feng J. (2014). Biological control of insect pests in apple orchards in China. Biological Control, 68: 47-56.

Criterias of Cover Crop Selection, Ecological Contributions and Importance of Weed Management in Vineyards and Orchards

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 177 - 187, 31.12.2020

Abstract

With the efforts to protect human health, ecological balance and biodiversity within this scope, economic production demands have increased day by day. Therefore, it has become inevitable for all agricultural activities to be carried out together within the framework of agroecosystem in the efficient use of agricultural energy. With the presence of living creatures in the agricultural area, the use of covering plants is important especially in perennial cultures in terms of protecting the air with groundwater and groundwater resources, as well as ensuring soil fertility. Covering plants have many benefits in the growing system. One of them is their ability to compete with weeds. In orchards and vineyards with decades of economic life, the use of the same weed control strategies and methods always leads to a decrease in soil fertility and a slowdown in crop development. In this review, the criteria that can be determined in the use of cover plants, which have an important place in weed control in perennial cultivated plants, their effects on ecology and their place in weed control were evaluated.

References

  • Acar Z., Aşçı Ö.Ö., Ayan I., Mut H., Başaran U. (2006). Yem Bitkilerinde Karışık Ekim Sistemleri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3): 379-386.
  • Ağaoğlu S., Gülşen Y. Halloran N. (1995). Genel Bahçe Bitkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları No:4, Ankara. 13-25 s.
  • Bahar E., Korkutal İ., Yaşasın A.S. (2010). Bağcılıkta örtülü toprak işleme ve örtü bitkileri. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2): 3-13.
  • Blackshaw R.E., Moyer J.R., Doram R.C., Boswell A.L. (2001). Yellow sweetclover, green manure, and its residues effectively suppress weed during fallow. Weed Science, 49: 406-413.
  • Blanchart E., Villenave C., Viallatoux A., Barthes B., Girardin C., Azontonde A., Feller C. (2006). Longterm effect of a legume cover crop (Mucunapruriens var. utilis) on the communities of soil macrofauna and nematofauna, under maize cultivation, in southern Benin. European Journal of Soil Biology, 42: 136-144.
  • Bond W., Grundy A.C. (2001). Non-chemical weed management in organic farming systems. Weed Research, 41(5): 383-405.
  • Bradshaw L., Lanini W.T. (1995). Use of perennial cover crops to suppress weeds in Nicaraguan coffee orchards. International Journal of Pest Management, 41(4): 185-194.
  • Bugg R.L., Hoenisch R. (2000). Cover cropping in California vineyards part of biological, integrated farming system. Proceedings 6th International Congress on Organic Viticulture, (25-26 August 2000), pp.104-107 Basel.
  • Conservation Evidence (2020). Providing evidence to improve practice. https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/1367. (Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2020).
  • Dabney S.M., Delgado J.A., Reeves D.W. (2001). Using winter cover crops to improve soil quality and water quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 1221-1250.
  • Doll D. (2019). Cover crop research review: How can it help almonds? Posted on June 30. (Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2020)
  • Evans D.O., Joy R.J., Chia C.L. (1988). Cover Crops for Orchards in Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University Of Hawaii, Research Extension Series 094.
  • Grafton-Cardwell E.E., Ouyang Y., Bugg R.L. (1999). Leguminous cover crops to enhance population development of Euseiustularensis (acari: phytoseiidae) in citrus. Biological Control, 16(1): 73-80.
  • Hartwig N.L., Ammon H.U. (2002). Cover crops and living mulches. Weed Science, 50(6): 688-699.
  • Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., Mcgourty G., Christensen P. (1998). Cover Cropping in Vineyards: A Grower's Handbook. UC ANR Publications. ISBN-13: 978-1-879906-35-8. California, 168 p.
  • Isık D., Dok M., Ak K., Macit I., Demir Z., Mennan, H. (2013). Possible use of cover crops in weed control on kiwi orchards in black sea region of Turkey. European Weed Research Socity Joint Workshop Of The Ewrs Working Groups: Novel And Sustainable Weed Management In Arid And Semi-Arid Agro Ecosystems And Weed Mapping. Book of Abstracts, p 45.
  • Isık D., Kaya E., Ngouajio M., Mennan H. (2009). Summer cover crops for weed management and yield improvement in organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production. Phytoparasitica, 37: 193-203.
  • Jannoyer M.L., Le Bellec F., Lavigne C., Achard R., Malézieux E. (2011). Ecological engineering: from concepts to applications. Choosing cover crops to enhance ecological services in orchards: a multiple criteria and systemic approach applied to tropical areas. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 9: 104-112.
  • Jarvis-Shean K.J., Lightle D. (2019). Your source for orchard news & information in the Sacramento Valley Orchard. Cover Crop Seed Selection. Posted on July 17 2019. http://www.sacvalleyorchards.com/almonds/horticulture/cover-crop-seed-selection/ (Erişim tarihi:16.01.2020)
  • Kitis Y.E., Koloren O., Uygur F.N. (2011). Evaluation of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as livingmulch for ecological weed control in citrus orchards. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(5): 1257-1264.
  • Kruidhof H.M., Bastiaans L., Kropff M.J. (2008). Ecological weed management by cover cropping: effects on weed growth in autumn and weed establishment in spring. Weed Research, 48: 492-502.
  • Lavigne C., Achard R., Tixier P., Jannoyer M.L. (2012). How to Integrate Cover Crops to Enhance Sustainability in Banana and Citrus Cropping Systems. Proc. XXVIIIth IHC – IS on Citrus, Bananas and Other Trop. Fruits under Subtrop. Conditions. Eds.: J.-N. Wünsche and L.G. Albrigo Acta Horticulture, 928.
  • Le Bellec F., Damas O., Boullenger G., Vannière H., Jannoyer M.L. (2012). Weed Control with a Cover Crop (Neonotonia wightii) in Mandarin Orchards in Guadeloupe (FWI). Proc. XXVIIIth IHC – IS on Citrus, Bananas and Other Trop. Fruits under Subtrop. Conditions Eds.: J.-N. Wünsche and L.G. Albrigo Acta Horticulture, 928.
  • Linares J., Scholberg J., Boote K., Chase C.A., Ferguson J.J., McSorley R. (2008). Use of the Cover Crop Weed Index to Evaluate Weed Suppression by Cover Crops in Organic Citrus Orchards. Hortscience, 43(1).
  • Lu Y.C., Watkins K.B., Teasdale J.R., Abdul-Baki A.A. (2000). Cover crops in sustainable food production. Food Reviews International, 16: 121-157.
  • Malik R.K, Green T.H., Brown G.F., Mays D. (2000). Use of cover crops in short rotation hardwood plantations to control erosion. Biomass and Bioenergy, 18: 479-487.
  • Manici L.M., Kelderer M., Caputo F., Nicoletti F., Picione F.D.L., Topp A.R. (2015). Impact of cover crop in pre-plant of apple orchards: relationship between crop health, root inhabiting fungi and rhizospheric bacteria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95: 947-958.
  • Mauromicale G., Occhipinti A., Mauro R.P. (2010). Selection of shade-adapted subterranean clover species for cover cropping in orchards. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30(2): 473–480. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1051/agro/2009035. (Erişim tarihi:16.01.2020)
  • Mcgourty G. (2004). Cover cropping systems for organically farmed vineyards Practical Winery&Vineyard , Wine Growing. September-October 2004. 7 p.
  • Mennan H., Jabran K., Zandstra B.H., Pala F. (2020). Non-Chemical Weed Management in Vegetables by Using Cover Crops: A Review. Agronomy, 10: 257. doi:10.3390/agronomy10020257.
  • Mennan H., Ngouajio M., Kaya E., Isık, D. (2009). Weed management in organically grown kale using alternative cover cropping systems. Weed Technology, 23: 81–88.
  • NRCS (2014). Cover cropping in orchards, vineyards and other woody perennial horticultural crops. Natural Resources Conservation Service, CSP Enhancement Washington State Supplement. Land Use Applicability: Cropland January 2014.
  • Parlak M., Özaslan Parlak A., Türkmen E. (2015). The Effect of Cover Crops to Soil Erosion in Olive Orchards. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 52 (1): 49-56.
  • Saeb K., Taleghani S., Hajati R.J., Fotokian M.H. (2011). Cover Crops and their Effects of Time Harvesting on the Control of Weed in Citrus Orchards in Northern Iran. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 8(2): 539-548.
  • Sainju U.M., Singh B.P., Whitehead W.F. (2002). Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA. Soil & Tillage Research, 63: 167-179.
  • Shrestha A., Kurtural S.K., Fidelibus M.W. (2012). Weed management comparisonsin organic vineyards: Economics and Efficiency 63rd Mtg. Amer. Soc. Enol. Viticult. Portlant, OR.
  • Snapp S.S., Swinton, S.M., Labarta R., Mutch D., Black J.R., Leep R., Nyiraneza J., O’Neil K. (2005). Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agronomy Journal, 97: 1-11.
  • Steenwerth K, Belina K.M. (2008). Cover crops enhance soil organic matter, carbon Dynamics and microbiological function in a vineyard agroecosystem. Applied Soil Ecology, 40: 359-369.
  • Temel N., Eymirli S., Avcı M. (2011). Organik turunçgil yetiştiriciliğinde yabancı ot mücadelesinde örtücü bitkilerden yararlanma olanakları. Alatarım Dergisi, 10(2): 72-78.
  • Thiessen-Martens J.R., Entz M.H., Hoeppner J.W. (2005). Legume cover crops with winter cereals in southern Manitoba: Fertilizer replacement values for oat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85: 645-648.
  • Thomas F., Mayse A., Chaney D. (2002). Cover Cropping In Orchards & Vineyards. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program.
  • Tursun N., Isık D., Demir Z., Jabran K. (2018). Use of Living, Mowed, and Soil-Incorporated Cover Crops for Weed Control in Apricot Orchards. Agronomy, 8:150. doi:10.3390/agronomy 8080150.
  • Van Sambeek J. (2017). Cover crops to improve soil health and pollinator habitat in nut orchards. Missouri Nut Growers Association (MGNA) Newsletter. 17(2): 6-12.
  • Zhou H., Yu Y., Tan X., Chen A., Feng J. (2014). Biological control of insect pests in apple orchards in China. Biological Control, 68: 47-56.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Review
Authors

Nazife Temel 0000-0002-1464-1525

Hilmi Torun 0000-0001-6730-8809

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date October 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Temel, N., & Torun, H. (2020). Bağ ve Bahçelerde Örtücü Bitki Seçim Kriterleri, Ekolojik Katkıları ve Yabancı Ot Mücadelesindeki Yeri. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 23(2), 177-187.

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