Larvicidal Toxicity of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) Extracts to Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) Larvae

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 155 - 163, 31.12.2020

Ayşe Usanmaz Bozhüyük

Abstract

In this study, the toxicities of acetone, petroleum ether and methanol extracts of chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) (Verbenaceae) plant to the pine processionary moth (PPM) (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)) larvae in the petri dishes (12x1.5cm) under laboratory conditions were investigated. Each dose was dissolved using acetone, petroleum ether and methanol, and diluted with distilled water. 1 ml of this solution was obtained and sprayed to each instar larvae. Tests were separately performed for five larvae instars and each test was repeated three times. Sterile water+ethanol as the negative control and the commercial active substance chemical Diflubenzuron (25%) as a positive control were used. At 96th h of the exposure, the extracts caused between 20 and 100% mortalities. According to LD25, LD50 and LD90 values, while the most toxic values were recorded as 0.086, 0.154 and 0.001 (for L1; L5; L5) mg/larvae in the petroleum ether extract, the lowest values were 3.684, 8.861 (for L4; L3) in the methanol extract and 754.883 (for L1) mg/larvae in the petroleum ether extract, respectively. The results illustrated that three extracts of V. agnus-castus have a larvicidal potential in the control of PPM larvae in comparison with the controls.

Keywords

Vites agnus-castus L., Extract, Pine processionary moth, Toxicity

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

Author wolud like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Memiş KESDEK (Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University) for her valuable helps and cooperations during the study, especially the collecting of the biological material.

Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) Ekstraktlarının Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) Larvalarına Karşı Larvasidal Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, hayıt bitkisinin (Vitex agnus-castus L.) (Verbenaceae) aseton, petrol eteri ve metanol extraktlarının 0,25, 0,5 ve 1 mg/mL dozlarında, 24., 48., 72. ve 96. saatlerinde çam keseböceği (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)) larvalarına karşı laboratuvar şartlarında ve petri kaplarında (12 x 1.5 cm) toksisiteleri incelenmiştir. Her bir doz; aseton, petrol eteri ve metanol kimyasalları kullanılarak çözülmüş ve saf su ile seyreltilmiştir. Bu çözeltinin 1 mL'si alınarak, Petri kaplarındaki her bir larva dönemine püskürtülmüştür. Tüm testler beş larva dönemleri için ayrı ayrı yapılmış, her bir doz için 3’er kez tekrarlanmıştır. Saf su+etanol negatif kontrol ve ticari aktif madde olan kimyasal Diflubenzuron (%25) ise pozitif kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Uygulamanın 96. saatinde, bu ekstraktlar %20-100 arasında ölümlere sebep olmuştur. LD25, LD50 ve LD90 değerlerine göre, en yüksek toksik değer L1 için 0.086, L5 için 0.154 ve L5 için 0.001 mg/larva olarak petrol eteri ekstraktında, en düşük toksik değer ise L4 için 3.684, L3 için 8.861 metanol ekstraktında ve L1 için ise 754.883 mg/larva olarak petrol eteri ekstraktında belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, V. agnus-castus’un üç farklı ekstraktının çam keseböceği larvalarının mücadelesinde larvasidal potansiyele sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. 

Keywords

hayıt, bitki ekstraktı, çam keseböceği, toksisite

Project Number

yok

References

• Breuer M., Devkota B. (1990). Studies on the importance of nest temperature of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 109: 331-335.
• Bruchim Y., Ranen E., Saragusty J., Aroch I. (2005). Severe tongue necrosis associated with pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni) ingestion in three dogs. Toxicon 45: 443-447.
• Cakır A., Özer H., Aydın T., Kordalı Ş., Tazegül Çavuşoğlu A., Akçin T., Mete E., Akçin A. (2016). Phytotoxic and insectisidal properties of essential oils and extracts of four Achillea species. Records of Natural Products, 10:154-167.
• Cambie RC., Brewis AA. (1997). Anti-fertility Plants of the Pacific. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia, 181 pp.
• Canakcıoglu H. (1993). Forest Entomology. İstanbul University Publishing, İstanbul, Turkey, 385 pp.
• Carus S. (2004). Impact of defolation by pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 32: 459-469.
• Cetin H., Erler F., Yanıkoğlu A. (2006). Toxicity of essential oils extracted from Origanum onites L. and Citrus aurentiumL. against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoniTarns. Folia Biology (Krakow), 54: 153-157.
• De Kok RPJ. (2007). The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) in New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands. Kew Bulletion, 62: 587-603.
• Ecevit O. (1988). Plant Protection Medicines and Their Effects on the Environment. Ondokuz Mayıs University Publishing, Samsun, 34 pp.
• Eryiğit T., Çiğ A., Okut N., Yıldırım B., Ekici K. (2015). Evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits’ essential oils from West Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18 (1): 208-214.
• Finney DJ. (1971). Probit Analysis.Cambridge University Press (3rd Edition), London, UK, 333 pp.
• Gudek M., Çetin H. (2017). Fumigant toxicity on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and its side effects on chickpea grains. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20: 272-281.
• Guncan A., Durmuşoğlu E. (2004). An evaluation on plant-based natural insecticides. Journal of Harvest, 233: 26-32.
• Ince IA., Demir I., Demirbag Z., Nalcacıoglu R. (2007). A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolatedfrom the pine processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Journal of Microbiologyand Biotechnology, 17: 632–637.
• Isman MB. (2006). Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review Entomology, 51: 45-66.
• Kanat M., Alma MH. (2004). Insecticidal effects of essential oils from various plants against larvae of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Pest Management Science, 60: 173-177.
• Kanat M., Sivrikaya F., Serez M. (2002). A research on damage of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on Pinus brutia Ten. trees, and the effect of tending activities on the diameter increment of Calabrian pine in Kahramanmaraş, 44-51”. Pine Processionary Moth Symposium (24-25 April 2002, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey), Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Forest, 226 pp.
• Karaman İ., Ben Sassi A., Mahjoub A. (2008). Investigation of cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Hayit), 87-95. 19th National Biology Congress (23-27 June 2008, Trabzon, Turkey), 473 pp.
• Kesdek M., Bayrak N., Kordalı Ş., Usanmaz A., Contuk G., Ercişli S. (2013). Larvicidal effects of some essenti al oils against larvae of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller)) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 23: 201-207.
• Kesdek M., Kordalı Ş., Çoban K., Usanmaz A., Ercişli S. (2014). Larvicidal effect of some plant extracts on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller) in laboratory conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 13 (5): 145-162.
• Kesdek M., Kordalı Ş., Usanmaz A., Ercişli S. (2015). The toxicity of essential oils of some plant species against adults of colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Comptes rendus de l’Acad´emie bulgare des Sciences, 68 (1): 127-136.
• Kesdek M., Kordalı Ş., Usanmaz Bozhüyük A., Güdek M. (2020). Larvicidal effect of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) essential oil against larvae of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)). Journal of Turkish Agriculture and Forestry, 44 (5): 451-466.
• Kordalı Ş., Aslan İ., Çalmaşur O., Çakır A. (2006). Toxicity of essential oils isolated from three Artemisia species and some of their major components to granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Industrial Crop and Products, 23: 162-170.
• Kordalı Ş., Çakır A., Özer H., Çakmakçı R., Kesdek M., Mete E. (2008). Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresource Technology, 99: 8788-8795.
• Köse H. (2007). The investigation of the effects of Pine Processionary on the diameter and lenght increment in red pine stands at different ages in various site class. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, (Unpublished) MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 226 pp.
• Kucukaydın S. Tel-Çayan G., Duru ME., Kesdek M., Öztürk M. (2020). Chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oils and various extracts of two Thymus species: Thymus cariensis and Thymus cilicicus. Toxin Reviews, 1: 1-11.
• Neyisci T. (1987). The Ecology of Red Pine. Handbook Series of Red Pine: 2. Forestry Research Institute Publications, Ankara, Turkey, 82 pp.
• Oktem E. (1987). Red Pine. Handbook Series: 2. Forestry Research Institute Publications, Ankara, Turkey, 182 pp.
• Peter G. (1984). Plant Pests and Their Control. Fenemore, London, 236 pp.
• Semiz G., Kocabiyik K., Cetin H. 2019. Larvicidal effect of Pinus brutıa Ten. Seed essential oil to pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) under laboratory conditions. Fresenus Environmental Bulletion, 28 (4): 2375-2379.
• Speight MR., Waınhouse D. (1989). Ecology and management of Forest insects. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. 374 pp. Tin B., Kurtoğlu C., Sevindik E. (2017). Evaluation of chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae) fruits essential oils grown in Aydın/Turkey. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 2 (2): 171-174.
• Usanmaz Bozhuyuk A., Kesdek M., Kordalı Ş., Özcan S. (2018). Larvicidal effect of two Artemisia essential oils to the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Igdir University Journal of Institute Sciences & Technology, 8 (3): 63-70.
• Usanmaz Bozhuyuk A., Kordalı Ş., Kesdek M. (2020). Toxicities of different essential oils to Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. Turkish Journal of Entomology. 44 (1): 39-47.
• Üstuner T., Kordalı Ş., Usanmaz Bozhüyük A., Kesdek M. (2018). Investigation of pesticidal activities of essential oil of Eucalyptus camuldulensis Dehnh. Records of Natural Products, 12: 557-568.
• Yiğit S., Saruhan İ., Akça İ. (2019). The effect of some commercial plant oils on the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Journal of Forest Science, 65 (8): 309-312. Varcin M., Kesdek M. (2020). Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (4): 437-447.
• Vega ML., Vega J., Vega JM., Moneo I., Sanchez E., Miranda A. (2003). Cutaneous reactions to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in pediatricpopulation. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 14(6): 482-486.