An Examination of the Propaganda Posters Prepared by the American Library Association for the US Army During the First World War

Year 2021, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 131 - 158, 30.06.2021

Metin Işık , Mehmet Ali Gazi , Caner Çakı , Gül Çakı

https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.910245

Cited By: 5

Abstract

The USA participated in the First World War by declaring war on Germany on April 6, 1917. With the participation of the USA in the war, mobilization was declared to provide the needs of the US army in the country and in this way that people contributed to the war effort was aimed. On the other hand, a book campaign was organized under the leadership of the American Library Association (ALA) to improve the reading habits of US soldiers during the war. As part of this mobilization, propaganda posters were used effectively to ensure that the US people donated books and the US soldiers gained the habit of reading. In the study, it was aimed to reveal how ALA used propaganda posters in donating books of the masses and encouraging soldiers to read books. With in the scope of the study, propaganda used by ALA in the First World War was analyzed in the light of the semiotics model of Danish linguist Louis Hjelmslev and US linguist William Labov. In the findings obtained in the study, it was concluded that the messages that reading books is a good leisure activity for the US soldiers and that the donated books are used efficiently in the US army were given.

Keywords

Book, library, World War I, propaganda, USA

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Amerikan Kütüphane Derneği’nin ABD Ordusuna Yönelik Hazırladığı Propaganda Posterleri Üzerine İnceleme

Abstract

ABD, 6 Nisan 1917 tarihinde Almanya’ya savaş ilan ederek Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na dahil olmuştur. ABD’nin savaşa katılmasıyla birlikte ülkede ABD ordusunun ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için seferberlik ilan edilmiş ve bu şekilde halkın savaş çabalarına katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Diğer yandan savaş sırasında ABD askerlerinin okuma alışkanlıklarının geliştirilmesine yönelik de Amerikan Kütüphane Derneği (American Library Association, ALA) liderliğinde kitap seferberliği düzenlenmiştir. Bu seferberlik kapsamında hem ABD halkının kitap bağışı yapmalarının hem de ABD askerlerinin kitap okuma alışkanlığı kazanmalarının sağlanması için propaganda posterleri etkin bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ALA’nın kitlelerin kitap bağışı yapmalarında ve askerlerin kitap okumalarının teşvik edilmesinde propaganda posterlerini ne şekilde kullandığının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda ALA tarafından kullanılan propaganda posterleri Danimarkalı dilbilimci Louis Hjelmslev ve ABD dilbilimci William Labov’un göstergebilim modeli ışığında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgularda kitap okumanın ABD askerleri için iyi bir boş zaman aktivitesi olduğuna ve bağışlanan kitapların ABD ordusunda verimli bir şekilde kullanıldığına yönelik mesajların verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Kitap, kütüphane, Birinci Dünya Savaşı, propaganda, ABD

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