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HOW FAR IS THE FAR EAST TO THE NEAR EAST? DYNAMICS OF JAPANESE-TURKISH RELATIONS BEFORE IT’S OFFICIAL BEGINNING

Year 2023, Issue: 50, 223 - 258, 24.12.2023

Abstract

Japan and Turkey, are often recognized as two countries with friendly relations which is characterized by warmth and selflessness. Today, both countries have close cooperation and people of both countries have sympathy for the other the initial years of the relations but the current socio-political conditions between the two countries as well as the romaticized narratives of history overshadowed the complicated reality of the inital years of Japanese-Turkish relations. This study aims to comprehensively examine Japanese-Turkish relations between 1873 and 1924, shedding light on the character of the initial years of bilateral relations and elucidating the fundamental conditions that shaped these relations. In pursuit of this objective, this research relies on sources such as the Ottoman Archives, the Archives of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, newspaper articles, and minutes from the Lausanne Conference. It demonstrates that the early stages of Turkish-Japanese relations were marked by two non-European empires struggling against 19th-century imperial powers, carefully evaluating each other's positions, and engaging in extensive political maneuvers and therefore preventing it to gain an official character. In this context, the study endeavors to present the early phases of Japanese-Turkish relations from an academic perspective, moving away from romanticized narratives.

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UZAK DOĞU YAKIN DOĞU’YA NE KADAR YAKIN? GAYRİRESMÎ DÖNEMDE JAPON-TÜRK İLİŞKİLERİNİN DİNAMİKLERİ

Year 2023, Issue: 50, 223 - 258, 24.12.2023

Abstract

Japonya ve Türkiye, sıklıkla samimiyet ve fedakarlıkla dolu dostane ilişkilere sahip iki ülke olarak bilinmektedir. Günümüzde iki ülke birçok alanda yakın iş birliği içerisindedir ve iki ülkenin halkı da diğerine sempati duymaktadır. Ne var ki, iki ülke ilişkilerini belirleyen mevcut sosyo-politik şartlar ve romantize edilmiş tarih anlatıları ikili ilişkilerin henüz resmiyete dökülmediği dönemdeki karmaşık gerçekliği gölgede bırakmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 1873 ile 1924 yılları arasındaki Osmanlı-Japon ilişkilerini detaylı bir şekilde inceleyerek, ikili ilişkilerin ilk yıllarındaki hüviyetini ve bu ilişkilerin şekillenmesine yol açan temel koşulları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bu makale Osmanlı Arşivleri, Japon Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivleri, gazeteler ve Lozan Konferansı tutanakları gibi kaynaklardan faydalanacaktır. Nihayetinde bu çalışma Türk-Japon ilişkilerinin başlangıç döneminin, 19. yüzyılın emperyal güçlerine karşı mücadele eden iki Avrupalı olmayan imparatorluğun, birbirlerini devamlı tartarak hareket ettiği ve siyasi manevraların ikili ilişkileri devamlı yön verdiği ve ikili ilişkilerin resmi bir hüviyet kazanmasını engellediği bir süreç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, romantik anlatılardan uzaklaşarak Japon-Türk ilişkilerinin erken dönemini akademik bir perspektiften ele almaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu makale Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’ne teslim edilmiş ve Haziran 2021’de başarıyla savunulmuş “Legal Modernization in the Early Meiji Period and the Japanese Research on the Mixed Courts of Egypt” başlıklı Yüksek Lisans tezinden faydalanılarak hazırlanılmıştır.

References

  • P r ima r y S o u r c e s
  • Presidency Ottoman Archives (Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivleri)
  • Hariciye Nezâreti İrâde (HR.İD) 02096/00003.
  • Hariciye Nezâreti İrâde (HR.İD) 02096/00009
  • Hariciye Nezâreti Siyasi Kalemi (HR.SYS) 01922/00026.
  • Hariciye Nezâreti Siyasi Kalemi (HR.SYS) 01922/00032.
  • Hariciye Nezâreti Tercüme Odası (HR.TO) 00525/00014.
  • İrâde Hariciye (İ.HR) 00283/017594.
  • Yıldız Perakende Arzuhaller ve Jurnaller Kataloğu (Y.PRK.AZJ) 00021/00116.
  • Yıldız Perakende Askeri Maruzâtı (Y.PRK.ASK) 00078/00071.
  • Yıldız Perakende Askeri Maruzâtı (Y.PRK.ASK) 00080/00107.
  • Yıldız Mütenevvi Maruzât Evrakı (Y.MTV) 00198/00122.
  • Newspaper articles
  • Mevâdd-ı Hâriciye (Foreign News) (1873, April 7 1290, February 8(AH)).
  • Takvim-i Vekâyi, p. 3.
  • Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外務本省 (明治六年二月六日(1873, February 2)). 日本外交文書デジタルアーカイブ 条約改正関係第1巻, Nihon gaikō bunsho dejitaruākaibu jōyaku kaisei kankei dai 1-kan (DigitalArchive of the Japanese Diplomatic Documents Treaty Revision Volume 1), 岩倉大使等ヨリ三条太政大臣等宛 Iwakura Taishi-tō Yori Sanjō Dajōdaijin-tō ate, (From Ambassador Iwakura Addressing to Prime Minister of the Imperial Government Sanjo)明治(Meiji).
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外務本省 (1875, July 12 (明治8年七月十二日)). 日本外交文書デジタルアーカイブ第8巻, 土耳其国トノ通交ニ関スル件Nihon gaikō bunsho dejitaruākaibu dai 8-kan, Toruko kuni to notsūkō ni kansuru ken (Digital Archives of the Japanese Diplomatic Documents Vol.8, Regarding the Matters Concerning Friendly Relations with Turkey)明治.
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  • DÜNDAR, Merthan A. 2013. “On the Question of Prince Abdulkerim Effendi’s Becoming the Emperor of Turkestan with Japan’s Support.” Bilig 66 (66): 79–92.
  • DÜNDAR, Merthan A. 2015. “Muhayyel Tarihe İtiraz: Ertuğrul Faciası, Yamada Torajiro ve Abdülhalim Noda Shotaro Üzerine.” in Doğu Asya’nın Politik Ekonomisi: Japonya, Çin ve Güney Kore’de Kalkınma, Siyaset ve Jeostrateji, edited by K. Ali Akkemik, Sadık Ünay, Ergun Kocabıyık, and Meltem Aravi, 362–72. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • DÜNDAR, Merthan A. 2015.“An Essay on the Effects of the Meiji Modernisation upon Turkish Intellectuals.” Journal of the Meiji Jingu Intercultural Institute 14: 137–49.
  • DÜNDAR, Merthan A. 2016. Rus Japon harbinden alınan maddi ve manevi dersler ve Japonların başarılarının sebepleri. İstanbul: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • ELDEM, Edhem. “Capitulations and Western Trade.” In The Cambridge History of Turkey: The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839. Edited by Suraiya Faroqhi, 283–335. The Cambridge history of Turkey v. 3. Cambridge, UK, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • ESENBEL, Selçuk. The Rising Sun and the Turkish Crescent: New Perspectives on the History of Japanese Turkish Relations Istanbul: Bogazici University Press, 2003
  • ESENBEL, Selçuk. “A Fin De Siècle Japanese Romantic in Istanbul: The Life of Yamada Torajiro and His Toruko Gakan.” In Japan, Turkey and the World of Islam: The Writings of Selçuk Esenbel. v. 3. Edited by Selçuk Esenbel, 237–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/619710.
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  • ESENBEL, Selçuk. “Shoes and Modern Civilization Between Racism and Imperialism: The 1880 Yoshida Masaharu Mission of Meiji Japan to Qajar Iran as Global History,” Global Perspectives on Japan Japan’s Interaction with the Turkish and the Muslim World, no. 2 (2020): 21.
  • ESENBEL, Selçuk ed., Japan on the Silk Road: Encounters and Perspectives of Politics and Culture in Eurasia, Brill's Japanese studies library volume 60 (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2018).
  • GREAVES, Rose Louise. “Some Aspects of the Anglo-Russian Convention and Its Working in Persia, 1907-14--I.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 31, no. 1 (1968): 69–91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/612004.
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  • KAYAOĞLU, Turan. Legal İmperialism: Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.Pamuk, Türkiye'nin 200 Yıllık İktisadi Tarihi, 164.
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  • LEVENT, Sinan. in Türkiye’de Japonya Çalışmaları Konferansı I, ed. SelçukEsenbel, ErdarKüçükyalçın, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi, İstanbul, 341-360, 2012.
  • LEVENT, Sinan. 2015. İkinci Dünya Savaşı Yolunda Japonya Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Üzerinden Türk Basınında Japonya İmajı 1933 1941. İstanbul: Kitapdostu Yayınları.
  • LEVENT, Sinan. 2016. Japon Turancılığı. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • MISAWA, Nobuo. “Relations Between Japan and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th Century Japanese Public Opinions About the Disaster of the Ottoman Battleship Ertugrul (1890) (Culture and Communication, Middle East Studies from East Asia).” Annals of Japan Association for Middle East Studies 18, no. 2 (2003): 9–19. doi:10.24498/ajames.18.2_9. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ajames/18/2/18_KJ000044039 45/_article/ char/ja/.
  • MISAWA, Nobuo, Göknur Akçacadağ. 2008. “The First Japanese Language Education in the Ottoman Empire (1891-92): Shotaro NODA’s Lectures in the Ottoman Military School.” Bulletin of the Faculty of Sociology, TOYO University 46 (1): 219–48.
  • MISAWA, Nobuo. 2010. “Abdülhamid Dönemi İçin Kritik Bir Teferruat: Japon Kaynakları Işığında Ertuğrul Faciası.” Düşünen Siyaset 27: 179–94.
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects History of Empires, Imperialism and Colonialism, Late Modern Asian History, Late Modern Ottoman History
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emir Karakaya 0000-0002-4439-2478

Publication Date December 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 50

Cite

MLA Karakaya, Emir. “HOW FAR IS THE FAR EAST TO THE NEAR EAST? DYNAMICS OF JAPANESE-TURKISH RELATIONS BEFORE IT’S OFFICIAL BEGINNING”. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi, no. 50, 2023, pp. 223-58.