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Global Health and Social Impacts of Drug Use Disorders

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 126 - 132, 27.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1531194

Abstract

The issue of drug use remains a significant global concern. In 2021, 1 in 17 individuals aged 15-64 had used a drug within the past 12 months. The number of individuals engaging in substance use increased from 240 million in 2011 to 296 million in 2021, representing 5.8% of the global population aged 15-64. It is acknowledged that a proportion of this 23% increase can be attributed to population growth. The estimated number of drug-related deaths in 2019 was approximately 500,000, representing a 17.5% increase compared to the figure recorded in 2009. As indicated in the 2023 Turkey Drug Report, public expenditure on the prevention and treatment of drug addiction increased from approximately 1.8 billion in 2020 to 2.3 billion in 2021, representing an 82% rise to 4.3 billion in 2022. In 2022, the number of individuals undergoing outpatient treatment at treatment centres was reported to be 302,911, while the number of inpatients was 18,187. An analysis of data from the Forensic Medicine Institute on deaths over the years reveals a gradual increase in the number of deaths directly linked to substance use. In 2013, the number of such deaths was 232, reaching a peak of 941 in 2017. Subsequently, a decline in mortality was observed, with a 74% reduction in the number of deaths to 246 in 2022. The majority of these deaths occurred in individuals under the age of 30 and were associated with multiple substance use. The use of drugs and substances has significant public health implications due to the adverse effects on health and the impact on the functionality of young people in their productive years. Therefore, urgent measures should be taken at both national and international levels to identify risk factors and reduce the demand for drug use.

References

  • Center for Behavioral Health Statistics, S. (2022). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
  • Center for Behavioral Health Statistics, S. (2024). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/22692
  • Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders Research Report. (2020). In Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders Research Report. National Institutes on Drug Abuse (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK571451/
  • Compton , W.M, Thomas, Y.F, Stinson FS & Grant BF (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 64(5):566–576. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566.
  • Degenhardt, L., Whiteford, H. A., Ferrari, A. J., Baxter, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Hall, W. D., Freedman, G., Burstein, R., Johns, N., Engell, R. E., Flaxman, A., Murray, C. J. L., & Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (London, England), 382(9904), 1564–1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61530-5
  • El-Bassel, N., Shaw, S. A., Dasgupta, A., & Strathdee, S. A. (2014). Drug use as a driver of HIV risks: re-emerging and emerging issues. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 9(2), 150–155. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000035
  • Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Başkanlığı, & Türkiye Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi Şube Müdürlüğü. (2023). Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu - Eğilimler ve Gelişmeler.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders - National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2019). Drugged Driving Drug Facts. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving
  • Schulte, M. T., & Hser, Y. I. (2014). Substance Use and Associated Health Conditions throughout the Lifespan. Public Health Reviews, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391702
  • Sehgal, N., Manchikanti, L., & Smith, H. S. (2012). Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: a review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse - PubMed. Pain Physician. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22786463/
  • Torrens M, Gilchrist G, Domingo-Salvany A, psyCoBarcelona Group (2011). Psychiatric comorbidity in illicit drug users: substance-induced versus independent disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 113(2–3):147–156. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.013.
  • United Nations. (2023). World Drug Report 2023. Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2023.html
  • WHO. (2023). Road traffic injuries. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries
  • WHO. (2024). HIV and AIDS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

Madde Kullanım Bozukluklarının Küresel Sağlık ve Sosyal Etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 126 - 132, 27.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1531194

Abstract

Uyuşturucu madde kullanımı, küresel ölçekte ciddi bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. 2021 yılı itibarıyla, 15-64 yaş arası her 17 kişiden 1’i, son 12 ay içinde en az bir kez uyuşturucu madde kullanmıştır. Bu dönemde, uyuşturucu madde kullanıcılarının sayısı 2011’de 240 milyon iken, 2021’de 296 milyona yükselmiş olup, bu rakam 15-64 yaş arası dünya nüfusunun %5,8’ine tekabül etmektedir. Bu %23’lük artışın bir bölümü, nüfus artışına dayandırılmaktadır. Uyuşturucu madde kullanımına bağlı ölümler, 2019 yılında yaklaşık 500.000 olarak tahmin edilmiştir ve bu durum, 2009 yılına göre %17,5’lik bir artışa işaret etmektedir. Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu 2023’e göre, uyuşturucu ile mücadele kapsamında kamu harcamaları 2020 yılında yaklaşık 1,8 milyar TL, 2021’de 2,3 milyar TL ve 2022 yılında ise %82 artışla 4,3 milyar TL’ye ulaşmıştır. 2022 yılı itibarıyla, tedavi merkezlerinde ayaktan tedavi gören birey sayısı 302.911, yatarak tedavi gören hasta sayısı ise 18.187 olarak bildirilmiştir. Adli Tıp Kurumu verileri, doğrudan madde bağlantılı ölümlerin 2013 yılında 232 iken, 2017 yılında 941’e yükselerek zirveye ulaştığını, ancak 2022 yılına kadar %74 oranında azalarak 246’ya gerilediğini göstermektedir. Bu ölümlerin büyük çoğunluğu, 30 yaş altı bireyler arasında ve çoklu madde kullanımı ile ilişkilidir. Genç ve üretken yaştaki bireylerin işlevsellik kaybına yol açan bu durum, madde kullanım bozukluğunu önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline getirmektedir. Bu nedenle, uyuşturucu madde kullanımına olan talebin azaltılması, risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ve ulusal/uluslararası düzeyde acil önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır

Supporting Institution

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Thanks

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References

  • Center for Behavioral Health Statistics, S. (2022). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
  • Center for Behavioral Health Statistics, S. (2024). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/22692
  • Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders Research Report. (2020). In Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders Research Report. National Institutes on Drug Abuse (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK571451/
  • Compton , W.M, Thomas, Y.F, Stinson FS & Grant BF (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 64(5):566–576. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566.
  • Degenhardt, L., Whiteford, H. A., Ferrari, A. J., Baxter, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Hall, W. D., Freedman, G., Burstein, R., Johns, N., Engell, R. E., Flaxman, A., Murray, C. J. L., & Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (London, England), 382(9904), 1564–1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61530-5
  • El-Bassel, N., Shaw, S. A., Dasgupta, A., & Strathdee, S. A. (2014). Drug use as a driver of HIV risks: re-emerging and emerging issues. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 9(2), 150–155. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000035
  • Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Başkanlığı, & Türkiye Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi Şube Müdürlüğü. (2023). Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu - Eğilimler ve Gelişmeler.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders - National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2019). Drugged Driving Drug Facts. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving
  • Schulte, M. T., & Hser, Y. I. (2014). Substance Use and Associated Health Conditions throughout the Lifespan. Public Health Reviews, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391702
  • Sehgal, N., Manchikanti, L., & Smith, H. S. (2012). Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: a review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse - PubMed. Pain Physician. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22786463/
  • Torrens M, Gilchrist G, Domingo-Salvany A, psyCoBarcelona Group (2011). Psychiatric comorbidity in illicit drug users: substance-induced versus independent disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 113(2–3):147–156. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.013.
  • United Nations. (2023). World Drug Report 2023. Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2023.html
  • WHO. (2023). Road traffic injuries. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries
  • WHO. (2024). HIV and AIDS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Gülsüm Öztürk Emiral 0000-0001-8781-4127

Mehmet Enes Gökler 0000-0002-1524-8565

Publication Date November 27, 2024
Submission Date August 10, 2024
Acceptance Date September 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Öztürk Emiral, G., & Gökler, M. E. (2024). Madde Kullanım Bozukluklarının Küresel Sağlık ve Sosyal Etkileri. Turkish Medical Journal, 9(3), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1531194

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