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Türk-İran Dış Politika Açılımlarının Arap Basınında Algısı: Arap Baharı (2011-2015)

Yıl 2022, , 149 - 186, 29.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1060855

Öz

“Bahar” olgusuyla kavramsallaştırılan Arap halk-rejim çatışmaları, özgürlükler ve ekonomik refah adına değişim isteğiyle başladı. Arap Baharı en yıkıcı etkisini devrimci-cumhuriyetçi ülkelerde göstermiştir. Tunus ve Mısır’da kısa süren Bahar, iç dinamiklerin gücü oranında şekillenmiştir. Libya ve Suriye’de Bahar süreci uzadıkça bölgesel ve küresel güçleri içine çekmiştir. Halk-rejim çatışmalarının güvenlik ve insani boyutu Türkiye’yi sürecin içine çekerken, İran’ın mezhepsel yayılmacılığına da yeni bir kapı açmıştır. Bu bağlamda, farklı nedenlerle Bahar sürecine müdahil olan Türkiye ile İran’ın bu dış politika açılımları Arap basınına nasıl yansıdı, sorusunu akla getirmiştir. Makalede Arap basını örneklemlerinden çıkarılan verilere içerik analizi (İA) ve söylem analizi (SA) uygulanarak karma bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Analiz birimi olarak da gazetelerin haber çerçevelemeleri yerine, köşe yazıları tercih edilmiştir. Arap Baharı’na yönelik Türk-İran dış politika açılımlarının ağırlıklı olarak milliyetçi ve İslamcı yazarlar tarafından köşe yazılarına taşındığı tespit edilmiştir. Milliyetçi söylemi ‘ne Türk Sultanı ne İran Mollası’ şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür. İslamcı yazarların bu konuda ses tonları çok daha düşüktür. Türk siyasal İslam modelini şartlı olarak kabul eden İslamcılar, İran’ın mezhep eksenli modeli ve yayılmacılığının Sünni bir ittifakla durdurulmasını önermektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Cohen, Bernard Cecil. The Press and Foreign Policy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1965.
  • Hardy, Cynthia, Bill Harley, and Nelson Phillips. “Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis: Two Solitudes?” Qualitative Methods: Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section on Qualitative Methods 2:1 (Spring 2004).
  • Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media. London: Bodley Head, 2008.
  • Hermann, Margaret G. “Content Analysis,” in Qualitative Methods in International Relations: a Pluralist Guide (eds.) Audie Klotz and Deepa Prakash. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • McQuail, Denis. McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. London: Sage Publication, 2010.
  • Neuendorf, Kimberly A. “Content Analysis: A Contrast and Complement to Discourse Analysis,” Qualitative Methods: Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section on Qualitative Methods 2:1 (Spring 2004).
  • Neumann, Iver B. “Discourse Analysis,” in Qualitative Methods in International Relations: a Pluralist Guide (eds.) Audie Klotz and Deepa Prakash. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Robinson, Piers. "Theorizing the Influence of Media on World Politics: Models of Media Influence on Foreign Policy," European Journal of Communication 16, no. 4 (2001): 523 - 544. DOI: 10.1177/0267323101016004005.
  • Schreier, Margrit. Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2012.
  • Siebert, Fredrick S., Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm. Four Theories of the Press. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1984.
  • Abu Duma, Hazım. “Muşarekatu Misr fi `asimati`l-Hizam...al-Khiyar es-Sitrateji li Himayeti`l emni`l-Kavmi el-Arabi.” Al-Ahram. 13 Nisan 2015. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/377695.aspx.
  • Abu`l-Ayneyn, Tariq. “Da`iş va Mustakbalu`n-Nizamu`s-Siyesi el-Arabi.” Al-Hayat. 1 Temmuz 2014. http://alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/3321085/.
  • Al-Faqi, Mustafa. “el-Arab vel Etrak...Meleffun Kadimun.” Al-Hayat. 7 Ekim 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/4923469/العرب-والأتراك-----ملف-قديم.
  • Al-Harub, Khalid. “Sene Zehebiyye emame İran li Tasdiri`s-Sevra.” Al-Hayat. 4 Ocak 2015. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/khaled-alharoob/6622600/سنة-ذهبية-أمام-إيران-لـ-«تصدير-الثورة».
  • Al-Seyyid, Khalid Abdurrahim. “el-Yemen ve’d-Davru`l-İrani.” Al-Sharq. 17 Ekim 2012. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/167594#.VUp2BdGJjIU.
  • Alluş, Muhammed M. “al Arab fi Mizeni Duveli`l-Civari`l-İqlimi.” Al-Sharq. 17 Ocak 2015. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/301125#.VUphudGJjIU.
  • Arif, Nasr M. “Ma beyne Turkiye ve İran.” Al-Ahram. 16 Şubat 2015. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsPrint/360421.aspx.
  • At-Tuveyciri, Abdulaziz. “at-Tamaddudu`l-İrani veş`Şikaku`l-Arabi.” Al-Hayat. 11 Mart 2015. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/7950849/التمدّد-الإيراني-والشقاق-العربي.
  • Deli, Khurşid. “Hel Te`ammaka el-Musalaha el-Khaliciyya Curuh Turkiye.” Al-Hayat. 10 Aralık 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/6162657/هل-تعمّق-المصالحة-الخليجية-جروح-تركيا؟.
  • Deli, Khurşid. “Turkiye Tuharibu Da`iş min Bevvabati İskati`n-Nizam.” Al-Hayat. 2 Ekim 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/4861186/تركيا-تحارب--داعش--من-بوابة-إسقاط-النظام.
  • Ferhat, Muhammed Ali. “Vu`udu Ankara ve Tahran.” Al-Hayat. 14 Mayıs 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Mohammad-Farhat/2338523/وعود-أنقرة-وطهران.
  • Ğazal, Khalid. “Hadiru`l-`alakat el-Arabiyya el-İraniyye.” Al Hayat. 11 Haziran 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/2915815/حاضر-العلاقات-العربية--الإيرانية
  • Huveydi, Fehmi. “Hivar `ani`l-`almaniyye fi`t-Turkiye.” Al-Sharq. 11 Ekim 2011. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/181353#.VUpsHtGJjIU.
  • Kablan, Mervan. “Rağme kullu Dacic..Turkiye ekser Ehimmiyye ve Ercah Veznen min Iran ve Misr Mucteme`ateyn.” Al-Sharq. 8 Mayıs 2014. http://www.alsharq.com/news/details/235722#.VUppcdGJjIU.
  • Nuğaymişi, Abdullah. “Tekatu` Ehlam el Efendiyye...ve Evhamu`l-Khilefe.” Al-Hayat. 1 Şubat 2015.http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Abdullah-alnghimshi/7120958/تقاطع-أحلام-«الأفندية»---وأوهام-الخلافة
  • Nuruddin, Muhammed. “İslamiyyun ve`n-Numuzecu`t-Turki.” Al-Sharq. 29 Aralık 2012. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/183685#.VUpmjdGJjIU.
  • Ramih, Tal`at. “al-Mutasari`una`l-Arba`a fi`ş-Şarki`l-Evsat.” Al-Sharq. 5 Eylül 2014. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/269024#.VWHyt0_tlHw.
  • Rusas, Muhammed S. “İrtibak vad`u Ankara İqlimiyyen be`da Rihanihe `ala İhvan.” Al-Hayat. 10.Aralık.2014.http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/6162659/ارتباك-وضع-أنقرة-إقليمياً-بعد-رهانها-على--الإخوان-.
  • Şahid, İman. “Be`da Feşli`l-İslamiyyin fi’l-Hukm.” Al-Ahram. 18 Şubat 2014. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsPrint/260362.aspx.
  • Şarkiyya, İbrahim. “İran ve’l `avasimu`l-Arba`a: Es-Saytara Bidayatu`l-İnhiyar.” Al-Hayat. 3 Kasım.2014.http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/5453467/إيران-والعواصم-الأربع--السيطرة-بداية-الانهيار.
  • Şerbil, Ğassan. “Turkiye ve`l-Bevvabatu`s-Suriyye.” Al-Hayat. 29 Eylül 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Ghassan-Charbel/4822736/تركيا-والبوابة-السورية.
  • Şeykh, Tarıq. “Mizanu`l Kuwa beyna İran ve Duvali`l-Khaleej.” Al-Ahram. 27 Nisan 2015. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/383189.aspx.
  • Sulayman, Khalid. “Turkiye `ala Khuta Pakistan, min Ma`ber li`l-Mucahidin ila Mustakarrin lehum.” Al-Hayat. 23 Eylül 2014. http://alhayat.com/Articles/4722883/.
  • Yusufağa, Tarif. “Devru İran fi`r-Rabi`i`l-Arabi.” Al-Hayat. 29 Aralık 2013. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Letters/333101/دور-إيران-في-الربيع-العربي.
  • Zari, Sadullah. “El-Lu`ba et-Turkiyye fi`l-Irak.” Al-Hayat. 2 Temmuz 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/3337680/اللعبة-التركية-في-العراق.

Perception of Turkish-Iranian Foreign Policy Initiatives in The Arab Press: the Arab Spring (2011-2015)

Yıl 2022, , 149 - 186, 29.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1060855

Öz

The Arab people-regime conflicts, conceptualized as a “Spring” phenomenon, started with the demand for change in the name of freedoms and economic prosperity. The Arab Spring showed its most devastating effects in revolutionary-republican countries. It continued for a short time in Tunisia and Egypt and was shaped according to the power of internal dynamics. The long-lasting Spring in Libya and Syria has drawn regional and global powers into the process. While the security and humanitarian dimensions of the people-regime conflicts drew Turkey into the process, it opened a new door for Iran’s sectarian expansionism. Thus, the question that comes to mind is how these foreign policy initiatives of Turkey and Iran, which were involved in the spring process for different reasons, were perceived in the Arab press. In this article, a multiple method is used by applying content analysis (CA) and discourse analysis (DA) to the data extracted from the samples of three Arab newspapers. As the analysis unit, columns are preferred instead of framed news of the newspapers. Mainly nationalist and Islamist writers have covered Turkish-Iranian foreign policy initiatives aimed at the Arab Spring. In this context, the nationalist discourse expressed as ‘neither the Turkish Sultan nor the Iranian Mullah’. The tone of Islamist columnists on the issue is much lower. While conditionally accepting the Turkish model of political Islam, Islamists have suggested that Iran’s sectarian expansionism must be stopped by a Sunni alliance.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Cohen, Bernard Cecil. The Press and Foreign Policy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1965.
  • Hardy, Cynthia, Bill Harley, and Nelson Phillips. “Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis: Two Solitudes?” Qualitative Methods: Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section on Qualitative Methods 2:1 (Spring 2004).
  • Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media. London: Bodley Head, 2008.
  • Hermann, Margaret G. “Content Analysis,” in Qualitative Methods in International Relations: a Pluralist Guide (eds.) Audie Klotz and Deepa Prakash. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • McQuail, Denis. McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. London: Sage Publication, 2010.
  • Neuendorf, Kimberly A. “Content Analysis: A Contrast and Complement to Discourse Analysis,” Qualitative Methods: Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section on Qualitative Methods 2:1 (Spring 2004).
  • Neumann, Iver B. “Discourse Analysis,” in Qualitative Methods in International Relations: a Pluralist Guide (eds.) Audie Klotz and Deepa Prakash. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Robinson, Piers. "Theorizing the Influence of Media on World Politics: Models of Media Influence on Foreign Policy," European Journal of Communication 16, no. 4 (2001): 523 - 544. DOI: 10.1177/0267323101016004005.
  • Schreier, Margrit. Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2012.
  • Siebert, Fredrick S., Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm. Four Theories of the Press. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1984.
  • Abu Duma, Hazım. “Muşarekatu Misr fi `asimati`l-Hizam...al-Khiyar es-Sitrateji li Himayeti`l emni`l-Kavmi el-Arabi.” Al-Ahram. 13 Nisan 2015. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/377695.aspx.
  • Abu`l-Ayneyn, Tariq. “Da`iş va Mustakbalu`n-Nizamu`s-Siyesi el-Arabi.” Al-Hayat. 1 Temmuz 2014. http://alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/3321085/.
  • Al-Faqi, Mustafa. “el-Arab vel Etrak...Meleffun Kadimun.” Al-Hayat. 7 Ekim 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/4923469/العرب-والأتراك-----ملف-قديم.
  • Al-Harub, Khalid. “Sene Zehebiyye emame İran li Tasdiri`s-Sevra.” Al-Hayat. 4 Ocak 2015. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/khaled-alharoob/6622600/سنة-ذهبية-أمام-إيران-لـ-«تصدير-الثورة».
  • Al-Seyyid, Khalid Abdurrahim. “el-Yemen ve’d-Davru`l-İrani.” Al-Sharq. 17 Ekim 2012. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/167594#.VUp2BdGJjIU.
  • Alluş, Muhammed M. “al Arab fi Mizeni Duveli`l-Civari`l-İqlimi.” Al-Sharq. 17 Ocak 2015. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/301125#.VUphudGJjIU.
  • Arif, Nasr M. “Ma beyne Turkiye ve İran.” Al-Ahram. 16 Şubat 2015. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsPrint/360421.aspx.
  • At-Tuveyciri, Abdulaziz. “at-Tamaddudu`l-İrani veş`Şikaku`l-Arabi.” Al-Hayat. 11 Mart 2015. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/7950849/التمدّد-الإيراني-والشقاق-العربي.
  • Deli, Khurşid. “Hel Te`ammaka el-Musalaha el-Khaliciyya Curuh Turkiye.” Al-Hayat. 10 Aralık 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/6162657/هل-تعمّق-المصالحة-الخليجية-جروح-تركيا؟.
  • Deli, Khurşid. “Turkiye Tuharibu Da`iş min Bevvabati İskati`n-Nizam.” Al-Hayat. 2 Ekim 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/4861186/تركيا-تحارب--داعش--من-بوابة-إسقاط-النظام.
  • Ferhat, Muhammed Ali. “Vu`udu Ankara ve Tahran.” Al-Hayat. 14 Mayıs 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Mohammad-Farhat/2338523/وعود-أنقرة-وطهران.
  • Ğazal, Khalid. “Hadiru`l-`alakat el-Arabiyya el-İraniyye.” Al Hayat. 11 Haziran 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/2915815/حاضر-العلاقات-العربية--الإيرانية
  • Huveydi, Fehmi. “Hivar `ani`l-`almaniyye fi`t-Turkiye.” Al-Sharq. 11 Ekim 2011. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/181353#.VUpsHtGJjIU.
  • Kablan, Mervan. “Rağme kullu Dacic..Turkiye ekser Ehimmiyye ve Ercah Veznen min Iran ve Misr Mucteme`ateyn.” Al-Sharq. 8 Mayıs 2014. http://www.alsharq.com/news/details/235722#.VUppcdGJjIU.
  • Nuğaymişi, Abdullah. “Tekatu` Ehlam el Efendiyye...ve Evhamu`l-Khilefe.” Al-Hayat. 1 Şubat 2015.http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Abdullah-alnghimshi/7120958/تقاطع-أحلام-«الأفندية»---وأوهام-الخلافة
  • Nuruddin, Muhammed. “İslamiyyun ve`n-Numuzecu`t-Turki.” Al-Sharq. 29 Aralık 2012. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/183685#.VUpmjdGJjIU.
  • Ramih, Tal`at. “al-Mutasari`una`l-Arba`a fi`ş-Şarki`l-Evsat.” Al-Sharq. 5 Eylül 2014. http://www.al-sharq.com/news/details/269024#.VWHyt0_tlHw.
  • Rusas, Muhammed S. “İrtibak vad`u Ankara İqlimiyyen be`da Rihanihe `ala İhvan.” Al-Hayat. 10.Aralık.2014.http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/6162659/ارتباك-وضع-أنقرة-إقليمياً-بعد-رهانها-على--الإخوان-.
  • Şahid, İman. “Be`da Feşli`l-İslamiyyin fi’l-Hukm.” Al-Ahram. 18 Şubat 2014. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsPrint/260362.aspx.
  • Şarkiyya, İbrahim. “İran ve’l `avasimu`l-Arba`a: Es-Saytara Bidayatu`l-İnhiyar.” Al-Hayat. 3 Kasım.2014.http://www.alhayat.com/Articles/5453467/إيران-والعواصم-الأربع--السيطرة-بداية-الانهيار.
  • Şerbil, Ğassan. “Turkiye ve`l-Bevvabatu`s-Suriyye.” Al-Hayat. 29 Eylül 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Ghassan-Charbel/4822736/تركيا-والبوابة-السورية.
  • Şeykh, Tarıq. “Mizanu`l Kuwa beyna İran ve Duvali`l-Khaleej.” Al-Ahram. 27 Nisan 2015. http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/383189.aspx.
  • Sulayman, Khalid. “Turkiye `ala Khuta Pakistan, min Ma`ber li`l-Mucahidin ila Mustakarrin lehum.” Al-Hayat. 23 Eylül 2014. http://alhayat.com/Articles/4722883/.
  • Yusufağa, Tarif. “Devru İran fi`r-Rabi`i`l-Arabi.” Al-Hayat. 29 Aralık 2013. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Letters/333101/دور-إيران-في-الربيع-العربي.
  • Zari, Sadullah. “El-Lu`ba et-Turkiyye fi`l-Irak.” Al-Hayat. 2 Temmuz 2014. http://www.alhayat.com/Opinion/Writers/3337680/اللعبة-التركية-في-العراق.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Battal Dogan 0000-0002-1439-1570

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2022
Kabul Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Dogan, B. (2022). Türk-İran Dış Politika Açılımlarının Arap Basınında Algısı: Arap Baharı (2011-2015). Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 149-186. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1060855

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