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From Secularism to Radicalization: Constructivist Transformation in the Founding Philosophy of Israel

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 156 - 186, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.303174

Abstract



In this article, it is
explored how the
transformation in the founder philosophy of
the State of Israel, from an identity comprising "secularism",
"socialist Zionist values", "pluralism and
multiculturalism", "peace", "democratic republic", to
a state that is "Jewish ", "keen on religious Zionist
values", "conservative" "homogenized
culturally and nationally”
, "a regional power", "a
nuclear power", "secure", "belligerent", "a
nonconciliatory".
Through the concept of
constructivism and the principle of reconstruction of the structure and the
actor in the context which was acknowledged by Nicholas Onuf and developed by
Alexander Wendt into present form, this study endeavours indicating the
metamorphosis of the state of Israel and the society. Since the inception to
present-day in terms of "norm", "culture" and
"identity" with the holistic social constructivist approach.

References

  • Abraham Diskin, The Last Days İn Israel Understanding the New Israeli Democracy, Frank Cass, London, 2003
  • Anthony Giddens, The Constitution of Society:Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984
  • Avraham Sela, “Civil Society, the Military, and National Security: The Case of Israel’s Security Zone in South Lebanon”, israel Studies, Volume 12, Number 1
  • Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver, Jaap de Wilde, Securitiy: A New Framework for Analysis, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998
  • Ben Thein, Learning from Past Experience: Sinai to Gaza, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, PolicyWatch 458, 25 Mayıs 2004
  • Bernard Hourcade, “Iran Facing Israel”, The World Facing Israel-Israel Facing the World, Images and Politics, Alfred Wittstock (ed.), Berlin, 2011
  • Bora Bayraktar, Oslo Barış Süreci İsrail-Filistin Barış Görüşmeleri, 1991-2000, Küre, İstanbul, 2013
  • Brandon Hollinder,” The Israeli Disengagement Plan: Unilateralism in the Face of Multilateral Agreements”, Human Rights Brief, 2005, 13.1: 5
  • Burcu Güçlü Akpınar, “Arap-İsrail Savaşlarının Etkileri”, Ortadoğu Analizi İki Kutuplu Sistem Sonrası Ortadoğu ve Arap Baharı, Hasret Çomak, Caner Sancaktar (ed.), Beta, İstanbul, 2014
  • Bülent Aras, Filistin-İsrail Barış Süreci ve Türkiye, Bağlam, İstanbul, 1997
  • Christian Reus-Smith, Constructism, Scott Burchill (ed.), Theories of International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2009
  • Clive Jones-Emma C.Murphy, Israel Challenges to Identity, Democracy and The State, Routledge, London, 2002
  • Dalia Dassa Kaye, “The Israeli Decision to Withdraw from Southern Lebanon: Political Leadership and Security Policy”, Political Science Quarterly, Winter 2002/2003, 117(4)
  • Daniel Pipes, “Lebanon Turns into Israel's Vietnam”, Wall Street Journal, 10 Mart 1999
  • David Menashrı,Iran,Israel and the Middle East Conflict, Israel Affairs, 2006,12:1
  • Donald J. Puchala (Der.), Visions of International Relations, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002
  • Davut Ateş, “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Konstrüktivizm: Ortayol Yaklaşımının Epistemolojik Çerçevesi”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:X, Sayı:1, Haziran 2008
  • Derek J. Penslar, Israel in History The Jewish State in Comparative Perspective, Routledge, NY, 2007
  • Efraim Inbar, Israel’s National Security, Issues and Challenges Since The Yom Kippur War, Routledge, NY,2008
  • Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Yochanan Peres, Is Israel One? Religion, Nationalism and Multiculturralism Confounded, Brill, Lieden, 2005
  • Elisha Efrat, The West Bank and Gaza Strip : A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement, Routledge, NY, 2006
  • Eyal Zisser,” Is Anyone Afraid of Israel?”, Middle East Quarterly, Bahar 2001
  • Eyal Zisser,” Hizballah and Israel: Strategic Threat on the Northern Border”, Israel Affairs, Vol.12, No.1, Ocak 2006
  • Fatma Aslı Kelkitli,” İdealizm ve Realizm Sarkacında Soğuk Savaş Sonrası İran Dış Politikası”, Ortadoğu Analizi İki Kutuplu Sistem Sonrası Ortadoğu ve Arap Baharı , (ed.) Hasret Çomak-Caner Sancaktar , Beta, İstanbul, 2014
  • Gal Luft, “Israel’s Security Zone in Lebanon-A Tragedy?”, Middle East Qurterly, September 2000
  • Geoffrey Levin, “One Step Forward or Two Steps Back? Unilateralism and Israel’s Gaza Disengagement in the Eyes of the World”, Israel Affairs, 2014, Vol. 20, No. 1
  • Gerald Cromer, A war of Words: Political Violence and Public Debate in Israel,Frank Cass, 2004
  • Henning Boekle,Volker Rittberger ve Wolfgang Wagner, “Norms and Foreign Policy: Constructivist Foreign Policy Theory”, German Foreign Policy Since UnificationTheories and Case Studies, Volker Ritteberger (ed.), Manchester University Press, 2001
  • Israel Shahak, Norton Mezvinsky, İsrail’de Yahudi Fundamentalizmi, çev.Ahmet Emin Dağ, Anka, İstanbul, 2004
  • Jerold S. Averbach, Jewish State Pariah Nation Israel and the Dilemmas of Legitimacy, Quid Pre Books,New Orleans,2014 (e book)
  • John Ruggie, Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization, London, Routledge 1998
  • Jonathan Mendilow, Ideology,Party Change and Electrol Campaigns in Israel,1965-2001, State University on NY,2003
  • Mustafa Küçük, “Uluslararası İlişkilerde ‘Konstrüktivist Dönüşü’ Anlamak”, Ege Akademik Bakış, Cilt:9, Sayı:2, 2009
  • Nicholas Onuf, “World of Our Making: The Strange Career of Constructivism in International Relations”, Donald J. Puchala (Der.), Visions of International Relations, Columbia University of South Carolina Press, 2002
  • Nicholas Onuf, World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations,Columbia University of South Carolina Press, 1989
  • Nuri Yurdusev, “Avrupa Kimliğinin Oluşumu ve Türk Kimliği”, Atilla Eralp (Der.), Türkiye ve Avrupa: Batılılaşma, Kalkınma, Demokrasi, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi, 1997
  • Reuven Erlich, “Israel’s Unilateral Withdrawals from Lebanon and Gaza Strip: A Comparative Overwiew”, Military and Strategic Affairs, Volume3, No.1, Mayıs 2011
  • Richard Ashley, “The Poverty of Neorealism”, Robert Keohane (Ed.), Neorealism and Its Critics, New York: Columbia University Press
  • Richard Pierce ve Christian Reus-Smit, “Critical International Theory and Constructivism”, European Journal of International Relations”, Cilt:4, Sayı:3, 1998
  • Ronald L. Jepperson, Alexander Wendt ve Peter J. Katzenstein, “Norms, Identity, and Culture in National Security”, Katzenstein J. Peter (ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms, and Identity in World Politics, Columbia University Pres, New York, 1996
  • Shlomo Swirski, “The Burden of Occupation, The Cost of the Occupation to Israeli Society, Polity and Economy”, Adva Center, Center of Information on Equality and Social justice in Israel, 2008
  • Şloma Sand, Yahudi Halkı Nasıl İcat Edildi Kitabı Mukaddes’ten Siyonizme, DK, İstanbul, 2011
  • Tayyar Arı, Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu Siyaset,Savaş ve Diplomasi, MKM, Bursa,2012 (5. Baskı)
  • Victor Kattan, From Coexistence To Conquest, International Law and the Origin of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1891-1949, PlutoPress,2009
  • Wendt, “Collective Identity Dormation and The International State” , The American Political Science Review Vol. 88, No. 2, 1994
  • Wendt, “Constructing International Politics”, International Security, 20: 1,Summer 1995
  • Wendt, Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2. Spring, 1992
  • Wendt, Social Theory of International Relations , Cambridge University Press, 1999
  • William L. Cleveland, Modern Ortadoğu Tarihi, Agora, İstanbul, 2008
  • Yael S. Aronoff, “Ariel Sharon: From Warfare to Withdrawal”, The Political Psychology of Israeli Prime Ministers, Cambridge,2014
  • Yochanan Peres,”Internal Constraints On The Arab-Israeli Peace Process: An Israeli View”, Palestine Jordan Israel Building a Base for Common Scholarship and Understanding in the New Era of the Middle East, PASSIA, Kudüs,1997

Sekülerlikten Radikalleşmeye: İsrail’in Kurucu Felsefesinde Konstrüktivist Dönüşüm

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 156 - 186, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.303174

Abstract



Bu makalede İsrail
devletinin kuruluş felsefesinde yer alan; “seküler”, “sosyalist Siyonizm
değerlerine bağlı”, “çoğulcu ve çok kültürlü”, “barışcıl”, “demokratik bir
cumhuriyet” kimliğinin nasıl olup ta  “Yahudi Devleti”, “dindar Siyonizm değerlerine
bağlı”, “muhafazakar”, “tek millet ve tek kültür”, “bölgesel güç”, “nükleer
güç”, “güvenlikçi”, “savaşçı”, “tavizsiz” bir devlet haline dönüştüğü konu edilmektedir.
Nicholas Onuf tarafından ortaya atılan ve Alexander Wendt tarafından
geliştirilerek mevcut haline getirilen inşacılık (constructivism) anlayışının
yapı ve aktör arasındaki birbirini yeniden inşa etme prensibinden yola
çıkılarak, İsrail devleti ve toplumunun kuruluşundan günümüze “norm”, “kültür”
ve “kimlik” bağlamında nasıl dönüştüğü bütünsel (holistic)  sosyal inşacı yaklaşımla açıklanmaya
çalışılmaktadır.

References

  • Abraham Diskin, The Last Days İn Israel Understanding the New Israeli Democracy, Frank Cass, London, 2003
  • Anthony Giddens, The Constitution of Society:Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984
  • Avraham Sela, “Civil Society, the Military, and National Security: The Case of Israel’s Security Zone in South Lebanon”, israel Studies, Volume 12, Number 1
  • Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver, Jaap de Wilde, Securitiy: A New Framework for Analysis, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998
  • Ben Thein, Learning from Past Experience: Sinai to Gaza, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, PolicyWatch 458, 25 Mayıs 2004
  • Bernard Hourcade, “Iran Facing Israel”, The World Facing Israel-Israel Facing the World, Images and Politics, Alfred Wittstock (ed.), Berlin, 2011
  • Bora Bayraktar, Oslo Barış Süreci İsrail-Filistin Barış Görüşmeleri, 1991-2000, Küre, İstanbul, 2013
  • Brandon Hollinder,” The Israeli Disengagement Plan: Unilateralism in the Face of Multilateral Agreements”, Human Rights Brief, 2005, 13.1: 5
  • Burcu Güçlü Akpınar, “Arap-İsrail Savaşlarının Etkileri”, Ortadoğu Analizi İki Kutuplu Sistem Sonrası Ortadoğu ve Arap Baharı, Hasret Çomak, Caner Sancaktar (ed.), Beta, İstanbul, 2014
  • Bülent Aras, Filistin-İsrail Barış Süreci ve Türkiye, Bağlam, İstanbul, 1997
  • Christian Reus-Smith, Constructism, Scott Burchill (ed.), Theories of International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2009
  • Clive Jones-Emma C.Murphy, Israel Challenges to Identity, Democracy and The State, Routledge, London, 2002
  • Dalia Dassa Kaye, “The Israeli Decision to Withdraw from Southern Lebanon: Political Leadership and Security Policy”, Political Science Quarterly, Winter 2002/2003, 117(4)
  • Daniel Pipes, “Lebanon Turns into Israel's Vietnam”, Wall Street Journal, 10 Mart 1999
  • David Menashrı,Iran,Israel and the Middle East Conflict, Israel Affairs, 2006,12:1
  • Donald J. Puchala (Der.), Visions of International Relations, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002
  • Davut Ateş, “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Konstrüktivizm: Ortayol Yaklaşımının Epistemolojik Çerçevesi”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:X, Sayı:1, Haziran 2008
  • Derek J. Penslar, Israel in History The Jewish State in Comparative Perspective, Routledge, NY, 2007
  • Efraim Inbar, Israel’s National Security, Issues and Challenges Since The Yom Kippur War, Routledge, NY,2008
  • Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Yochanan Peres, Is Israel One? Religion, Nationalism and Multiculturralism Confounded, Brill, Lieden, 2005
  • Elisha Efrat, The West Bank and Gaza Strip : A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement, Routledge, NY, 2006
  • Eyal Zisser,” Is Anyone Afraid of Israel?”, Middle East Quarterly, Bahar 2001
  • Eyal Zisser,” Hizballah and Israel: Strategic Threat on the Northern Border”, Israel Affairs, Vol.12, No.1, Ocak 2006
  • Fatma Aslı Kelkitli,” İdealizm ve Realizm Sarkacında Soğuk Savaş Sonrası İran Dış Politikası”, Ortadoğu Analizi İki Kutuplu Sistem Sonrası Ortadoğu ve Arap Baharı , (ed.) Hasret Çomak-Caner Sancaktar , Beta, İstanbul, 2014
  • Gal Luft, “Israel’s Security Zone in Lebanon-A Tragedy?”, Middle East Qurterly, September 2000
  • Geoffrey Levin, “One Step Forward or Two Steps Back? Unilateralism and Israel’s Gaza Disengagement in the Eyes of the World”, Israel Affairs, 2014, Vol. 20, No. 1
  • Gerald Cromer, A war of Words: Political Violence and Public Debate in Israel,Frank Cass, 2004
  • Henning Boekle,Volker Rittberger ve Wolfgang Wagner, “Norms and Foreign Policy: Constructivist Foreign Policy Theory”, German Foreign Policy Since UnificationTheories and Case Studies, Volker Ritteberger (ed.), Manchester University Press, 2001
  • Israel Shahak, Norton Mezvinsky, İsrail’de Yahudi Fundamentalizmi, çev.Ahmet Emin Dağ, Anka, İstanbul, 2004
  • Jerold S. Averbach, Jewish State Pariah Nation Israel and the Dilemmas of Legitimacy, Quid Pre Books,New Orleans,2014 (e book)
  • John Ruggie, Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization, London, Routledge 1998
  • Jonathan Mendilow, Ideology,Party Change and Electrol Campaigns in Israel,1965-2001, State University on NY,2003
  • Mustafa Küçük, “Uluslararası İlişkilerde ‘Konstrüktivist Dönüşü’ Anlamak”, Ege Akademik Bakış, Cilt:9, Sayı:2, 2009
  • Nicholas Onuf, “World of Our Making: The Strange Career of Constructivism in International Relations”, Donald J. Puchala (Der.), Visions of International Relations, Columbia University of South Carolina Press, 2002
  • Nicholas Onuf, World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations,Columbia University of South Carolina Press, 1989
  • Nuri Yurdusev, “Avrupa Kimliğinin Oluşumu ve Türk Kimliği”, Atilla Eralp (Der.), Türkiye ve Avrupa: Batılılaşma, Kalkınma, Demokrasi, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi, 1997
  • Reuven Erlich, “Israel’s Unilateral Withdrawals from Lebanon and Gaza Strip: A Comparative Overwiew”, Military and Strategic Affairs, Volume3, No.1, Mayıs 2011
  • Richard Ashley, “The Poverty of Neorealism”, Robert Keohane (Ed.), Neorealism and Its Critics, New York: Columbia University Press
  • Richard Pierce ve Christian Reus-Smit, “Critical International Theory and Constructivism”, European Journal of International Relations”, Cilt:4, Sayı:3, 1998
  • Ronald L. Jepperson, Alexander Wendt ve Peter J. Katzenstein, “Norms, Identity, and Culture in National Security”, Katzenstein J. Peter (ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms, and Identity in World Politics, Columbia University Pres, New York, 1996
  • Shlomo Swirski, “The Burden of Occupation, The Cost of the Occupation to Israeli Society, Polity and Economy”, Adva Center, Center of Information on Equality and Social justice in Israel, 2008
  • Şloma Sand, Yahudi Halkı Nasıl İcat Edildi Kitabı Mukaddes’ten Siyonizme, DK, İstanbul, 2011
  • Tayyar Arı, Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu Siyaset,Savaş ve Diplomasi, MKM, Bursa,2012 (5. Baskı)
  • Victor Kattan, From Coexistence To Conquest, International Law and the Origin of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1891-1949, PlutoPress,2009
  • Wendt, “Collective Identity Dormation and The International State” , The American Political Science Review Vol. 88, No. 2, 1994
  • Wendt, “Constructing International Politics”, International Security, 20: 1,Summer 1995
  • Wendt, Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics, International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2. Spring, 1992
  • Wendt, Social Theory of International Relations , Cambridge University Press, 1999
  • William L. Cleveland, Modern Ortadoğu Tarihi, Agora, İstanbul, 2008
  • Yael S. Aronoff, “Ariel Sharon: From Warfare to Withdrawal”, The Political Psychology of Israeli Prime Ministers, Cambridge,2014
  • Yochanan Peres,”Internal Constraints On The Arab-Israeli Peace Process: An Israeli View”, Palestine Jordan Israel Building a Base for Common Scholarship and Understanding in the New Era of the Middle East, PASSIA, Kudüs,1997
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Haydar Oruç

Publication Date June 30, 2017
Acceptance Date June 9, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oruç, H. (2017). Sekülerlikten Radikalleşmeye: İsrail’in Kurucu Felsefesinde Konstrüktivist Dönüşüm. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 156-186. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.303174

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