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SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI: KÖKENLERİ, TANI KRİTERLERİ VE TEDAVİ TEKNİKLERİ

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1099 - 1114, 01.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1515522

Abstract

1990’lı yıllar ile psikiyatristler davranışsal bağımlılıktan bahsetmeye başlamıştır. Modern yaşam teknoloji ile bütünleştiğinden beri yeni bağımlılık türleri tanımlanmıştır. Bunlardan biri de teknoloji tabanlı bir halk sorunu olan sosyal medya bağımlılığıdır. İnternetin kullanım oranlarının artması psikiyatristler arasında davranışsal bağımlılıkların sayısının artabileceğine yönelik bir endişe oluşturmuştur. 2022 yılı itibari ile davranışsal bağımlılıklar altında diğer tanımlanmamış bozuklar kategorisi açılmıştır. Klinik ve patolojik olarak bağımlılığın tanı kriterlerini taşıyan sosyal medya bağımlılığının bu kategoriye alınması için çalışmalar başlamıştır. Alanyazında sosyal medya bağımlılığının tanı kriterleri, tedavi ve iyileşme yöntemlerinin proaktif madde bağımlılığı gibi geniş bir şekilde incelenmediğine yönelik eleştiriler yer almaktadır. Bu araştırma alanyazında bulunan bu açıklığı gidermek üzere nitel desen altında literatür taraması tekniğinde derleme olarak hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, sosyal medya bağımlılığının proaktif madde ile davranışsal bağımlılıklar gibi beyni etkilediği, fiziksel ve psikolojik sorunlara neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bir başka soncunda ise bu bağımlılık türünün tanı kriterleri ile tedavi tekniklerinin de diğer bağımlılık türleri ile örtüştüğü saptanmıştır. Araştırmacı, sosyal medya bağımlılığından kurtulmak için kişiye, aileye, devlete ve politikalara yönelik bir dizi öneri sıralamış ve gelecekte yapılabilecek araştırmalar için de çeşitli açılardan tavsiyeler de bulunmuştur.

References

  • Alavi, S., Ferdosi, M., Jannatifard, F., Eslami, M., Alaghemandan, H., & Setare, M. (2011). Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M. Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(4), 290-294.
  • Alimoradi, Z., Broström, A., Potenza, M., Lin, C., & Pakpour, A. (2024). Associations Between Behavioral Addictions and Mental Health Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Current Addiction Reports, 11, 565–587.
  • Alptekin, Ç., & Zakirov, F. (2023). BAĞIMLILIK REHABILITASYONU. Current Addiction Research, 7(1), 5-8.
  • Andreassen, C., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Social network site addiction - an overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(25), 4053-4061.
  • Arafat, D., & Thoma, P. (2023). Impairments of Sociocognitive Functions in Individuals with Behavioral Addictions: A Review Article. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 1-24.
  • Arslan, A., & Bardakçı, S. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Dijital Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin İletişim Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(20), 36 - 70.
  • Bohui , M., Qiuying , T., Jinghan , D., Xiaoyu , N., Jieping , S., Mengzhe, Z., . . . Jingliang , C. (2024). Meta-analysis of structural and functional abnormalities in behavioral addictions. Addictive Behaviors Addictive Behaviors, 1-37.
  • Boumparis, N., Haug, S., Abend, S., Billieux, J., Riper, H., & Schaub, M. (2022). Internet-based interventions for behavioral addictions: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(3), 620–642.
  • Brand , M., Rumpf , H., Demetrovics, Z., Müller, A., Stark, R., King , D., . . . Potenza , M. (2020). Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of "other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors"? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(2), 150-159.
  • Derevensky, J., Gilbeau, L., Marchica, L., & Richard, J. (2019). Behavioral Addictions: Excessive Gambling, Gaming, Internet, and Smartphone Use Among Children and Adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 6(66), 1-26.
  • DSM-5. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Goodman, A. (1990). Addiction: definition and implications. Commentary, 85, 103-108.
  • Grant, J., Potenza, M., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. (2010). Introduction to Behavioral Addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233–241.
  • Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
  • Griffiths, M., & Kuss, D. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49-52.
  • Hunt, A., Merola, G., Carpenter, T., & Jaeggi, A. (2024). Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 159, 1-18.
  • ICD-11, I. (2024). Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. Geneva: WHO.
  • Ji, Y., Liu, S., Xu, H., & Zhang, B. (2023). The Causes, Effects, and Interventions of Social Media. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 897-903.
  • Köroğlu, S. (2015). Literatür taraması üzerine notlar ve bir tarama tekniği. GİDB Dergisi, 1, 61-69.
  • Kızılok, G. (2021). Cinsel Bağımlılık: Tanımı, Etiyolojisi ve Tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13(3), 394-411.
  • Kapoor, N. (2023). Types of Behavioral Addictions: Impact and Prevalence. In N. Kapoor, Behavioural Addictions (pp. 1-11). Nikhil Publishers.
  • Karakuş, B. N., Özdengül, F., Solak Görmüş, Z. I., & Şen, A. (2021). Bağımlılık Fizyopatolojisine Genel Bakış. KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 15-165.
  • Kato, A., Shimomura, K., Ognibene, D., Parvaz, M., Berner, L., Morita, K., & Fiore, V. (2023). Computational models of behavioral addictions: State of the art and future directions. Addictive Behaviors, 140, 1-7. Kemp, S. (2024). Digital 2024 Global Overview Report.
  • Kervin, R., Berger, C., Moon, S., Hill, H., Park, D., & Kim, J. (2021). Behavioral addiction and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 117, 1-9.
  • Kim, H. S., & Hodgins, D. C. (2019). Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Behavioral Addictions and their Treatment. In H. S. Kim, & D. C. Hodgins, Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspective (2nd Edition) (pp. 1-40). Berlin: Publisher: Springer.
  • Lee, E., An, W., Levin, M., & Twohig, M. (2015). An initial meta-analysis of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 1-30.
  • Liao, C.-P., Sher, C.-Y., & Liu, Y.-H. (2023). Progress and future directions for research on social media addiction: Visualization-based bibliometric analysis. Telematics and Informatics, 80, 1-16.
  • Mestre Bach, G., & Potenza, M. N. (2023). Features Linked to Treatment Outcomes in Behavioral Addictions and Related Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 1-14.
  • Park, J., King, D., Meyers, L., & Rodda, S. (2022). Content and Effectiveness of Web-Based Treatments for Online Behavioral Addictions: Systematic Review. JMIR MENTAL HEALTH, 9(9), 1-12.
  • Sixto Costoya, A., Castell´o Cogollos, L., Aleixandre Benavent, R., & Valderrama Zuri´an, J. (2021). Global scientific production regarding behavioral addictions: An analysis of the literature from 1995 to 2019. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 7(14), 1-9.
  • Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research. Addictive Behaviors, 114, 1-10.
  • Taş, N., Huseynov, F., Çubukçu Çerasi, C., & Balcıoğlu, Y. (2023). Behavıoral Addıctıons Wıth A Specıal Focus On Smartphone Addıctıon: Causes, Effects And Consequences. IV. BASKENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES, (pp. 334-338). Ankara.
  • Toker Uğurlu, T., Balcı Şengül, C., & Şengül, C. (2019). Bağımlılık Psikofarmakolojisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(1), 37-50.
  • Vieira, C., Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2023). Early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions: A systematic literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 105, 1-16.
  • World Health Organization, W. (2019). Addiction. EM/MNH/213/E, 1-4.
  • Wu, X. (2022). Research on the Ways to Overcome Social Media Addiction. SHS Web of Conferences, 155, 1-5.
  • Xu, Y. (2023). An exploration of the role played by attachment factors in the formation of social media addiction from a cognition-affect-conation perspective. Acta Psychologica, 236, 1-11.
  • Yıldız, A. (2022). Bir Araştırma Metodolojisi Olarak Sistematik Literatür Taramasına Genel Bakış. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 367-386.
  • Yan, X. (2023). An exploration of the role played by attachment factors in the formation of social media addiction from a cognition-affect-conation perspective. Acta Psychologica, 236, 1-11.
  • Yu, R., Kong, D.-L., Liao, C., Yu, Y.-J., He, Z.-W., & Wang, Y. (2024). Natural products as the therapeutic strategies for addiction. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 175, 1-12.

SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION: ORIGINS, DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA AND TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1099 - 1114, 01.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1515522

Abstract

In the 1990s, psychiatrists also started to talk about behavioral addiction. Behavioral addictions have been recognized by disease-defining organizations. One of these is social media addiction, which is a technology-based public problem. Increasing internet usage rates have created concern among psychiatrists that the number of behavioral addictions may increase. As of 2022, the other unspecified disorders category has been opened under behavioral addictions. Studies have begun to include social media addiction, which meets the clinical and pathological diagnostic criteria of addiction, into this category. There are criticisms in the literature that the diagnostic criteria, treatment and recovery methods of social media addiction have not been examined as extensively as proactive substance addiction. This research was prepared as a compilation using the literature review technique under a qualitative design in order to resolve this gap in the literature. At the end of the research, it was determined that social media addiction affects the brain like proactive substance and behavioral addictions and causes physical and psychological problems. Research found that the diagnostic criteria and treatment techniques of this type of addiction overlap with other types of addiction. The researcher listed a series of suggestions for the individual, family, state and policies in order to get rid of social media addiction, and also made recommendations from various perspectives for future research.

References

  • Alavi, S., Ferdosi, M., Jannatifard, F., Eslami, M., Alaghemandan, H., & Setare, M. (2011). Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M. Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(4), 290-294.
  • Alimoradi, Z., Broström, A., Potenza, M., Lin, C., & Pakpour, A. (2024). Associations Between Behavioral Addictions and Mental Health Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Current Addiction Reports, 11, 565–587.
  • Alptekin, Ç., & Zakirov, F. (2023). BAĞIMLILIK REHABILITASYONU. Current Addiction Research, 7(1), 5-8.
  • Andreassen, C., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Social network site addiction - an overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(25), 4053-4061.
  • Arafat, D., & Thoma, P. (2023). Impairments of Sociocognitive Functions in Individuals with Behavioral Addictions: A Review Article. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 1-24.
  • Arslan, A., & Bardakçı, S. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Dijital Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin İletişim Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(20), 36 - 70.
  • Bohui , M., Qiuying , T., Jinghan , D., Xiaoyu , N., Jieping , S., Mengzhe, Z., . . . Jingliang , C. (2024). Meta-analysis of structural and functional abnormalities in behavioral addictions. Addictive Behaviors Addictive Behaviors, 1-37.
  • Boumparis, N., Haug, S., Abend, S., Billieux, J., Riper, H., & Schaub, M. (2022). Internet-based interventions for behavioral addictions: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(3), 620–642.
  • Brand , M., Rumpf , H., Demetrovics, Z., Müller, A., Stark, R., King , D., . . . Potenza , M. (2020). Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of "other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors"? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(2), 150-159.
  • Derevensky, J., Gilbeau, L., Marchica, L., & Richard, J. (2019). Behavioral Addictions: Excessive Gambling, Gaming, Internet, and Smartphone Use Among Children and Adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 6(66), 1-26.
  • DSM-5. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Goodman, A. (1990). Addiction: definition and implications. Commentary, 85, 103-108.
  • Grant, J., Potenza, M., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. (2010). Introduction to Behavioral Addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233–241.
  • Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
  • Griffiths, M., & Kuss, D. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49-52.
  • Hunt, A., Merola, G., Carpenter, T., & Jaeggi, A. (2024). Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 159, 1-18.
  • ICD-11, I. (2024). Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. Geneva: WHO.
  • Ji, Y., Liu, S., Xu, H., & Zhang, B. (2023). The Causes, Effects, and Interventions of Social Media. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 897-903.
  • Köroğlu, S. (2015). Literatür taraması üzerine notlar ve bir tarama tekniği. GİDB Dergisi, 1, 61-69.
  • Kızılok, G. (2021). Cinsel Bağımlılık: Tanımı, Etiyolojisi ve Tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13(3), 394-411.
  • Kapoor, N. (2023). Types of Behavioral Addictions: Impact and Prevalence. In N. Kapoor, Behavioural Addictions (pp. 1-11). Nikhil Publishers.
  • Karakuş, B. N., Özdengül, F., Solak Görmüş, Z. I., & Şen, A. (2021). Bağımlılık Fizyopatolojisine Genel Bakış. KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 15-165.
  • Kato, A., Shimomura, K., Ognibene, D., Parvaz, M., Berner, L., Morita, K., & Fiore, V. (2023). Computational models of behavioral addictions: State of the art and future directions. Addictive Behaviors, 140, 1-7. Kemp, S. (2024). Digital 2024 Global Overview Report.
  • Kervin, R., Berger, C., Moon, S., Hill, H., Park, D., & Kim, J. (2021). Behavioral addiction and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 117, 1-9.
  • Kim, H. S., & Hodgins, D. C. (2019). Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Behavioral Addictions and their Treatment. In H. S. Kim, & D. C. Hodgins, Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspective (2nd Edition) (pp. 1-40). Berlin: Publisher: Springer.
  • Lee, E., An, W., Levin, M., & Twohig, M. (2015). An initial meta-analysis of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 1-30.
  • Liao, C.-P., Sher, C.-Y., & Liu, Y.-H. (2023). Progress and future directions for research on social media addiction: Visualization-based bibliometric analysis. Telematics and Informatics, 80, 1-16.
  • Mestre Bach, G., & Potenza, M. N. (2023). Features Linked to Treatment Outcomes in Behavioral Addictions and Related Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 1-14.
  • Park, J., King, D., Meyers, L., & Rodda, S. (2022). Content and Effectiveness of Web-Based Treatments for Online Behavioral Addictions: Systematic Review. JMIR MENTAL HEALTH, 9(9), 1-12.
  • Sixto Costoya, A., Castell´o Cogollos, L., Aleixandre Benavent, R., & Valderrama Zuri´an, J. (2021). Global scientific production regarding behavioral addictions: An analysis of the literature from 1995 to 2019. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 7(14), 1-9.
  • Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research. Addictive Behaviors, 114, 1-10.
  • Taş, N., Huseynov, F., Çubukçu Çerasi, C., & Balcıoğlu, Y. (2023). Behavıoral Addıctıons Wıth A Specıal Focus On Smartphone Addıctıon: Causes, Effects And Consequences. IV. BASKENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES, (pp. 334-338). Ankara.
  • Toker Uğurlu, T., Balcı Şengül, C., & Şengül, C. (2019). Bağımlılık Psikofarmakolojisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(1), 37-50.
  • Vieira, C., Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2023). Early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions: A systematic literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 105, 1-16.
  • World Health Organization, W. (2019). Addiction. EM/MNH/213/E, 1-4.
  • Wu, X. (2022). Research on the Ways to Overcome Social Media Addiction. SHS Web of Conferences, 155, 1-5.
  • Xu, Y. (2023). An exploration of the role played by attachment factors in the formation of social media addiction from a cognition-affect-conation perspective. Acta Psychologica, 236, 1-11.
  • Yıldız, A. (2022). Bir Araştırma Metodolojisi Olarak Sistematik Literatür Taramasına Genel Bakış. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 367-386.
  • Yan, X. (2023). An exploration of the role played by attachment factors in the formation of social media addiction from a cognition-affect-conation perspective. Acta Psychologica, 236, 1-11.
  • Yu, R., Kong, D.-L., Liao, C., Yu, Y.-J., He, Z.-W., & Wang, Y. (2024). Natural products as the therapeutic strategies for addiction. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 175, 1-12.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Media Studies
Journal Section CASE REPORT
Authors

Nihal Acar 0000-0003-1552-5654

Early Pub Date September 21, 2024
Publication Date October 1, 2024
Submission Date July 12, 2024
Acceptance Date September 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Acar, N. (2024). SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI: KÖKENLERİ, TANI KRİTERLERİ VE TEDAVİ TEKNİKLERİ. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 14(4), 1099-1114. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1515522


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