A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS

William H. Stewart; Patrick R. Lowenthal; David Rıchter

doi:10.17718/tojde.1090810

EN

A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS

Abstract

Humans have been learning at a distance for millennia. Modern information and communications technology has enabled formal distance education to be conducted online, though significant variation exists in purpose, course format, delivery methods, etc. Under duress of COVID-19, educators and students alike have been forced to engage in their courses remotely. These courses, however, are not equivalent to formal distance education and to date have broadly been referred to as Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Nevertheless, ERT courses are no longer unexpected and have become plannable; many are being sustained indefinitely due to the prolonged nature of the pandemic. Despite this paradox, current ERT literature typically conceptualizes the ongoing practice monolithically. This conceptual paper discusses key differences between formal distance education, emergency remote teaching, and the evolving practice of Sustained Remote Teaching (SRT). We suggest a descriptive contextual model as a research analytic for discussion in the field of distance education.

Keywords

distance education, COVID-19, emergency remote teaching, sustained remote teaching, distance learning

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

William H. Stewart ^* This is me
0000-0002-8227-849X
South Korea

Patrick R. Lowenthal This is me
0000-0002-9318-1909
United States

David Rıchter This is me
0000-0001-5413-6710
United States

Publication Date

April 1, 2023

Submission Date

March 22, 2022

Acceptance Date

August 31, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 24 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1090810

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA45DU98NN

APA

Stewart, W. H., Lowenthal, P. R., & Rıchter, D. (2023). A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 24(2), 183-201. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1090810

AMA

1.Stewart WH, Lowenthal PR, Rıchter D. A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS. TOJDE. 2023;24(2):183-201. doi:10.17718/tojde.1090810

Chicago

Stewart, William H., Patrick R. Lowenthal, and David Rıchter. 2023. “A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS”. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 24 (2): 183-201. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1090810.

EndNote

Stewart WH, Lowenthal PR, Rıchter D (April 1, 2023) A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 24 2 183–201.

IEEE

[1]W. H. Stewart, P. R. Lowenthal, and D. Rıchter, “A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS”, TOJDE, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 183–201, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.17718/tojde.1090810.

ISNAD

Stewart, William H. - Lowenthal, Patrick R. - Rıchter, David. “A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS”. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 24/2 (April 1, 2023): 183-201. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1090810.

JAMA

1.Stewart WH, Lowenthal PR, Rıchter D. A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS. TOJDE. 2023;24:183–201.

MLA

Stewart, William H., et al. “A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS”. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, vol. 24, no. 2, Apr. 2023, pp. 183-01, doi:10.17718/tojde.1090810.

Vancouver

1.William H. Stewart, Patrick R. Lowenthal, David Rıchter. A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS. TOJDE. 2023 Apr. 1;24(2):183-201. doi:10.17718/tojde.1090810

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The i-SUN process to use social learning analytics: a conceptual framework to research online learning interaction supported by social presence

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The Open/Technology in Education, Society, and Scholarship Association Journal

https://doi.org/10.18357/otessaj.2024.4.3.73

A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS

Abstract

A MODEL OF REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING UNDER EMERGENCY AND SUSTAINED CRISIS CONDITIONS: A DESCRIPTION OF NOVEL DISTANCE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND MANIFESTATIONS

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