THE ADAPTATION STUDY OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS CALL (A-CALL), THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS CAL (A-CAL), THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING (A-FLL) TO TURKISH LANGUAGE

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 31 - 45, 01.01.2018

Cahit Erdem , Abdullah Saykılı , Mehmet Kocyıgıt

https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.382659

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study primarily aims to adapt the Foreign Language Learning (FLL), Computer assisted Learning (CAL) and Computer assisted Language Learning (CALL) scales developed by Vandewaetere and Desmet into Turkish context. The instrument consists of three scales which are the attitude towards CALL questionnaire (A-CALL) (composed of 20 questions), the attitude towards CAL questionnaire (A-CAL) (composed of 9 questions) and the attitude towards FLL questionnaire (A-FLL) (composed of 31 questions) respectively. The participants consisted of 375 university students who volunteered to answer the questions. The participants were students at the foreign language preparatory school of a state university in Turkey. The participants were selected using convenience sampling method. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out on the data. The results were often compared with the original scale. The adapted version of the A-CALL questionnaire indicates a similar goodness of fit with the original one, which is mediocre. CFA results indicate that the adapted version of the A-CAL questionnaire is compatible with the original questionnaire showing a fit from mediocre to good. Again, CFA results of the A-FLL subscales reveal a consistent fit with the original subscale.

Keywords

Computer assisted language learning, computer assisted learning, foreign language learning, attitude, scale adaptation

References

• Afshari, M., Ghavifekr, S., Siraj, S. & Jing, D. (2013). Students’ attitudes towards computer-assisted language learning. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 852-859. Akbulut, Y. (2008). Exploration of the attitudes of freshman foreign language students toward using computers at a Turkish state university. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(1), 18-31. Ayres, R. (2002). Learner attitudes towards the use of CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15(3), 241-249. Doi:10.1076/call.15.3.241.8189 Basoz, T., & Cubukcu, F. (2014). Pre-service EFL teachers' attitudes towards Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 531-535. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.253 Bloor, M. & Wood, F. (2006). Keywords in qualitative methods: a vocabulary of research concepts. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Browne, M. W., Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21 (2) 230-258. Campbell, N. J. (1990). High school students’ computer attitudes and attributions: Gender and ethnic differences. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5, 485-499. Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative. New Jersey: Pearson Education. 44 Cokluk, O., Sekercioglu, G. & Buyukozturk, S. (2012). Sosyal bilimler icin cok degiskenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamalari. (2. Ed.) [Multivariate statistics for social sicences= SPSS and Lisrel applications]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. DeVellis, R.F. (2003). Scale development: theory and applications. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Ducate, L., & Lomicka, L. (2005). Exploring the blogosphere: Use of web logs in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 38(3), 410-421. Doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.2005.tb02227.x Eagly, A. H. & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychological attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. Felix, U. (2004). A multivariate analysis of secondary students’ experience of web-based language learning. ReCALL, 16(1), 237–249. Doi:10.1017/S0958344004001715 Genc, G., & Aydın, S. (2010). Student motivation towards computer use in EFL learning. IETC (1367-1369). Istanbul= IETC. Gips, A., DiMattia, P., & Gips, J. (2004). The effect of assistive technology on educational costs: Two case studies. In K. Miesenberger, J. Klaus, W. Zagler, & D. Burger, Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 206-213). Springer. Hanson-Smith, E. (1997). Technology in the classroom: Practice and promise in the 21st century. Alexandria, VA= TESOL. Houtz, L. E. & Gupta, U. G. (2001). Nebraska high school students’ computer skills and attitudes. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33, 316-325. Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1-55, DOI= 10.1080/10705519909540118 Jahromi, S. A., & Salimi, F. (2013). Exploring the human element of computer-assisted language learning: an Iranian context. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 26(2), 158-176. Doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.643411 Joreskog, K. G. & Sorbom, D. (1982). Recent Developments in Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Marketing Research XIX, 404-16. Kung, S.-C. (2002). A framework for successful key-pal programs in language learning. CALL-EJ Online, 3(2). Lai, C.-C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and disadvantages of computer technology in second language acquisition. National Journal for Publishing and Mentoring Doctoral Student Research, 3(1). Lee, K.-w. (2000). English teachers’ barriers to the use of computer assisted. The Internet TESL Journal, 6(12). Levine, T. & Donitsa-Schmidt, S. (1998). Computer use, confidence, attitudes, and knowledge: a casual analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 14 (1), 125-146. Liaw, S.-S., Huang, H.-M., & Chen, G.-D. (2007). Surveying instructor and learner attitudes toward e-learning. Computers & Education, 49(4), 1066-1080. Doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.01.001 Merisuo-Storm, T. (2007). Pupils’ attitudes towards foreign-language learning and the development of literacy skills in bilingual education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(2), 226-235. Doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.024 Mutlu, A., & Eroz-Tuga, B. (2013). The role of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in promoting learner autonomy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 51, 107-122. 45 Onsoy, S. (2004). Students' and teachers' attitudes towards the use of computer-assisted language learning at the preperatory school of Celal Bayar University. Ankara: Bilkent University. Oz, H. (2015). Investigating the relationship between foreign language learning and call attitudes among EFL freshman students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 1041-1049. doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.576 Saykili, A., & Genc Kumtepe, E. (2014). Facebook’s hidden potential= Facebook as an educational support tool in foreign language education. In G. Mallia, The Social Classroom: Integrating Social Network Use in Education (pp. 120-146). Hershey PA: IGI Global. Smith, T. D. & McMillan, B. F. (2001). Primer of Model Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, the USA). Teo, T. (2006). Attitudes towards computers: a study of post-secondary students in Singapore. Interactive Learning Environments, 14 (1), 17-24. Thomas, M., Reinders, H., & Warschauer, M. (2013). The role of digital media and incremental change. In M. Thomas, H. Reinders, & M. Warschauer, Contemporary Computer-Assisted Language Learning (pp. 1-11). London: Bloomsbury Academic. Tschirner, E. (2001). Language Acquisition in the Classroom: The Role of Digital Video. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 14(3-4), 305-319. Doi:10.1076/call.14.3.305.5796 Tuncok, B. (2010). A case study: Students' attitudes towards computer assisted learning, computer assisted language learning and foreign language learning. Ankara: Middle East Technical University. Ushida, E. (2005). The role of students' attitudes and motivation in second language learning in online courses. CALICO Journal, 23(1), 49-78. Vandewaetere, M., & Desmet, P. (2009). Introducing psychometrical validation of questionnaires in CALL research: the case of measuring attitude towards CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 22(4), 349–380. Wang, S., & Heffernan, N. (2010). Ethical issues in Computer-Assisted Language Learning: perceptions of teachers and learners. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(5), 796–813. Doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00983.x Warschauer, M. (1996). Comparing face-to-face and electronic discussion in the second language classroom. CALICO Journal, 13(2), 7-26. Warschauer, M. (2004). Technological change and the future of CALL. In S. Fotos, & C. Brown, New Perspectives on CALL for Second and Foreign Language Classrooms (pp. 15-25). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wu, L. X. (2010). Using CALL to improve the confidence of foreign language learners. Language & Literacy Graduate Student Conference 2010 (pp. 1-9). Victoria: University of Victoria. Yuan, R. (2006). A probe into learning approaches and attitudes towards technologyenhanced language learning (TELL) in Chinese instruction. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A= The Humanities and Social Sciences, 66(10), 3560- 3560.