Reticulum Cells

Abstract

Reticular cells are fibroblast-like cells that synthesize reticular fibers. They are stellate in shape. Elongated cytoplasmic processes of these cells wrap around the bundles of reticular fibers, effectively isolating these structural components from the parenchma of the lymphatic tissue and organs. Besides their supporting role, they express surface molecules and produce substances that attract T cells, B cells and dendritic cells. Reticular cells have been subdivided on the basis of their location and phenotype into 3 major subsets: fibroblastic reticular cells, dendritic reticulum cells and interdigitating reticulum cells. Fibroblastic reticulum cells have many ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblasts but differ from them in containing prominent bundles of microfilaments and in reacting strongly with antibodies to smooth muscle type myosin and actin. Dendritic reticulum cells are present in lymph follicules of lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. These antigen presenting cells are characterized by numerous cytoplasmic processes extending (dendrits) between adjacent lymphoid cells. Dendritic retikulum cells are known as a key cell of the germinal center microenvironment. These cells acquire and maintain antigen-antibody complexes and can stimulate memory B cells that can, in turn, stimulate further T cell activity. Interdigitating reticulum cells are arachnoid nonlymphoid accessory cells found in the T-cell areas of peripheral lymphoid tissue. They are potent antigen-presenting cells responsible for initiating primary T-lymphocyte immune responses Six types of epithelial reticular cells were observed in thymus: type I (subcapsular-perivascular), type II (pale), type III (intermediate), type IV (dark), type V (undifferentiated) and type VI (large-medullary). In this review, the microscopic and functional characteristics of reticulum cells are summarized. Key words: Antigenic Stimulation; Lenfoid Tissue; Reticulum Cells.

Keywords

• Antigenic Stimulation; Lenfoid Tissue; Reticulum Cells.

Retikulum Hücreleri

Öz

Retikulum hücreleri, retikulum liflerini sentezleyen fibroblast benzeri hücrelerdir. Yıldız şeklindedirler. Bu hücrelerin sitoplazmik uzantıları retikulum lif demetlerini sararak yapısal elemanları lenfatik doku ve organların parankimasından etkin şekilde izole eder. Bu destekleyici rollerinin yanısıra T ve B lenfositleri ve dendritik hücreleri cezbeden yüzey moleküllerine sahiplerdir ve bu tür maddeler üretirler. Retikulum hücreleri lokalizasyon ve dış görünüşleri bakımından üç gruba ayırmıştır: fibroblastik retikulum hücreleri, dendritik retikulum hücreleri ve interdijitasyon gösteren retikulum hücreleri. Fibroblastik retikulum hücreleri fibroblastlara özgü birçok karakteristik elektron mikroskopik özelliğe sahiptir fakat yoğun mikrofilament demetleri içermesi ve düz kastaki aktin ve miyozine karşı antikorlarla kuvvetli reaksiyon vermesi yönünden fibroblastlardan farklıdır. Dendritik retikulum hücreleri lenf düğümleri, dalak ve tonsillalardaki lenf foliküllerinde bulunurlar. Antijen sunan bu hücreler komşu lenfoid hücrelerin arasına uzanan çok sayıda sitoplazmik uzantılar (dendrit) ile karekterizedirler. Dendritik retikulm hücreleri germinal merkez mikroçevresinin bir anahtar hücresi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu hücreler antijen antikor kompleksini elde edip korur, hafıza B hücrelerini uyarabilir ve sonra daha ileri T hücre aktivitesini uyarabilirler. İnterdijitasyon gösteren retikulum hücreleri periferal lenfoid dokuda T hücre alanlarında bulunan lenfoid olmayan yardımcı hücrelerdir. Bu hücrelerin primer T lenfosit immun yanıtlarının başlaması için antijen sunan hücreler gibi fonksiyon yapma potansiyelleri vardır. Ayrıca timusda altı tip epitelyal retikulum hücre tipi tanımlanmıştır. Tip I (subkapsüler-perivasküler hücre), tip II (soluk hücre), tip III (intermediate hücre), tip IV (koyu hücre), tip V (farklılaşmamış hücre), tip VI (büyük medüller hücre) epitelial retikuler hücrelerdir. Bu derlemede retikulum hücrelerinin mikroskopik ve fonksiyonel özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır Anahtar kelimeler: Antijenik Uyarım; Lenfoid Doku; Retikulum Hücreleri.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antijenik Uyarım; Lenfoid Doku; Retikulum Hücreleri.

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