Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Identification: The Mediating Role of Fit to Organization
Year 2019,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 277 - 291, 30.06.2019
Özcan Zorlu
,
Ali Avan
,
Ahmet Baytok
Abstract
The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of perceived
organizational support (POS) on organizational identification (OI) and to test the
mediating role of fit to organization (FO) within the context of academicians. Data
are collected from 193 academicians by questionnaire. Correlation and
Regression analyses are performed to test the research hypotheses. Results show
that there is a strong correlation among variables and
perceived organizational support is a significant contributor to
organizational identification. Moreover, POS has an insignificant effect on OI,
while FO significantly affects OI. With reference to Regression analysis, we
also performed the Sobel test in order to determine the significance of the
mediator effect. Sobel test results confirm that fit into organization of
participants has a significant effect on OI; meanwhile, it is a mediator
between organizational support perceived by participants and their
organizational identification.
References
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- Ashforth, B. E. & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14 (1), 20-39.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173.
- Blau, P.M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York, Wiley.
- Bowen, D. E., Ledford Jr, G. E., & Nathan, B. R. (1991). Hiring for the organization, not the job. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5 (4), 35-51.
- Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (5), 875-884.
- Chatman, J. A. (1989). Improving interactional organizational research: A model of person-organization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14 (3), 333-349.
- Chung, Y. W. (2017). The role of person–organization fit and perceived organizational support in the relationship between workplace ostracism and behavioral outcomes. Australian Journal of Management, 42 (2), 328-349.
- Chung, Y. W. (2017). The role of person–organization fit and perceived organizational support in the relationship between workplace ostracism and behavioral outcomes. Australian Journal of Management, 42 (2), 328-349.
- Dawley, D., Houghton, J. D., & Bucklew, N. S. (2010). Perceived organizational support and turnover intention: The mediating effects of personal sacrifice and job fit. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150 (3), 238-257.
- Demir, K. (2015). The effect of organizational justice and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating role of organizational identification. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 60, 131-148.
- Demir, M., Demir, S. S. & Nield, K. (2015). The relationship between person-organization fit, organizational identification and work outcomes. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 16 (2), 369-386.
- Dutton, J. E. Dukerich, J. M. & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administravite Science Quarterly, 39, 239-263. Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2010). Perceived organizational support, organizational identification, and employee outcomes: Testing a simultaneous multifoci model. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9 (1), 17-26.
- Eisenberger R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology,86 (1), 42-51.
- Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (3), 500-507.
- Farrell, M. A. & Oczkowski, E. (2012). Organizational identification and leader member exchange influences on customer orientation and organisational citizenship behaviours. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20 (4), 365-377.
- Frenkel, S. J. & Yu, C. (2011). Managing co-worker assistance through organizational identification. Human Performance, 24 (5), 387-404.
- Gardner, W. L., Reithel, B. J., Cogliser, C. C., Walumbwa, F. O., & Foley, R. T. (2012). Matching personality and organizational culture: Effects of recruitment strategy and the Five-Factor Model on subjective person–organization fit. Management Communication Quarterly, 26 (4), 585-622.
- Gautam, T., Dick, R. V. & Wagner, U. (2004). Organizational identification and organizational commitment: Distinct aspects of two related concepts. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7 (3), 301-315.
- Ghosh, S. K. (2016). Linking perceived organizational support to organizational identification: Role of organization based self-esteem. Contemporary Management Research, 12 (2), 225-244.
- Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25 (2), 161-178.
- Gutierrez, A. P., Candela, L. L. & Carver, L. (2012). The structural relationships between organizational commitment, global job satisfaction, developmental experiences, work values, organizational support, and person‐organization fit among nursing faculty. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68 (7), 1601-1614.
- He, H., Pham H. Q., Baruch Y. & Zhu W. (2014) Perceived organizational support and organizational identification: Joint moderating effects of employee exchange ideology and employee investment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (20), 2772-2795.
- Holtom, B. C. & Inderrieden, E. J. (2006). Integrating the unfolding model and job embeddedness model to better understand voluntary turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 435-452.
- Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2006). Increasing human and social capital by applying job embeddedness theory. Organizational Dynamics, 35 (4), 316-331.
- Jin, M. H., McDonald, B. & Park, J. (2018). Person–organization fit and turnover intention: Exploring the mediating role of employee followership and job satisfaction through conservation of resources theory. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 38 (2), 167-192.
- Kim, S. (2012). Does person‐organization fit matter in the public‐sector? Testing the mediating effect of person‐organization fit in the relationship between public service motivation and work attitudes. Public Administration Review, 72 (6), 830-840.
- Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person-organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1-49.
- Lam, L.W., Liu, Y. & Loi, R. (2016). Looking intra-organizationally for identity cues: Whether perceived organizational support shapes employees’ organizational identification. Human Relations, 69 (2), 345-367.
- Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation: The relationship between man and organization. Administravite Science Quarterly, 9, 370-390.
- Mael, F. & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 103-123.
- Maertz Jr., C. P., Griffeth, R. W., Campbell, N. S. & Allen, D. G. (2007). The effect of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 1059-1075.
- Marique, G., Stinglhamber, F., Desmette, D., Caesens, G. & Zanet, F. D. (2013). The relationship between perceived organizational support and affective commitment: A social identity perspective. Group & Organization Management, 38 (1), 68-100.
- Maxham III, J. G. & Netemeyer, R. G. (2003). Firms reap what they sow: The effects of shared values and perceived organizational justice on customers' evaluations of complaint handling. Journal of Marketing, 67 (1), 46-62.
- McDonald, P. R. (1993). Individual-organizational value congruence: Operationalization and consequents (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from Digitized Special Collections, 2189.
- Mete, E. S., Sökmen, A. & Bıyık, Y. (2016). The relationship between organizational commitment, organizational identification, person-organization fit and job satisfaction: A research on IT employees. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5 (3), 870-901.
- Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J. & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44 (6), 1102-1121.
- Moynihan, D. P. & Pandey, S. K. (2008). The ties that bind: Social networks, person organization value fit, and turnover intention. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18, 205-227.
- Murphy, W. M., Burton, J. P., Henagan, S. C., & Briscoe, J. P. (2013). Employee reactions to job insecurity in a declining economy: A longitudinal study of the mediating role of job embeddedness. Group & Organization Management, 38 (4), 512-537.
- Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Good Soldier. In M. G. Rumsey, C. B. Walker & J. H. Harris (Eds.), Personnel Selection and Classification, Chapter 4, Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books.
- Preacher, S. & Leonardelli, G. (2001). Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests. Advance online publication. [Retrieved from http://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm].
- Reitz, O. E. (2014). Job embeddedness: a concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 49 (3), 159-166.
- Reitz, O. E., & Anderson, M. A. (2011). An overview of job embeddedness. Journal of Professional Nursing, 27 (5), 320-327.
- Rhoades, L. & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literatüre. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 698-714.
- Riketta, M. & Dick, R. F. (2005). Foci of attachment in organizations: A meta-analytic comparison of the strength and correlates of workgroup versus organizational identification and commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67 (3), 490-510.
- Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N. & Liden, R. C. (1996). Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81 (3), 219-227.
- Shanock, L. R. & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates’ perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 (3), 689-695.
- Sluss, D. M., Klimchak, M., & Holmes, J. J. (2008). Perceived organizational support as a mediator between relational exchange and organizational identification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73 (3), 457-464.
- Smircich, L. (1983). Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 339-358.
- Sökmen, A. & Bıyık, Y. (2016). Örgütsel bağlılık, örgütsel özdeşleşme, kişi-örgüt uyumu ve iş tatmini ilişkisi: Bilişim uzmanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 9 (2), 221-227.
- Sökmen, A., Ekmekçioğlu, E. B. & Çelik, K. (2015). Algılanan örgütsel destek, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve yönetici etik davranışı ilişkisi: Araştırma görevlilerine yönelik araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (1), 125-144.
- Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. In S. Worchel and W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 7-24). Nelson, Hall Publishers.
- Vallabh, P. & Singhal, M. (2014). Workplace spirituality facilitation: A person-organization fit approach. Journal of Human Values, 20 (2), 193-207.van Knippenberg, D. & van Schie, E. C. M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 137-147.
- Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M. & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (1), 82-111.
- Wilson, J. D. (2010). Examining job embeddedness survey items for an adventure education population. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, USA-Bloomington: Indiana University.
- Yaniv, E. & Farkas, F. (2005). The impact of person-organization fit on the corporate brand perception of employees and of customers. Journal of Change Management, 5 (4), 447-461.
- Youngs, P., Pogodzinski, B., Grogan, E., & Perrone, F. (2015). Person-organization fit and research on instruction. Educational Researcher, 44 (1), 37-45.
- Zhang, M., Fried, D. D. & Griffeth, R. W. (2012). A review of job embeddedness: Conceptual, measurement issues, and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 22, 220-231.
- Zhao, H., Peng, Z. & Chen, H-K. (2014). Compulsory citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of organizational identification and perceived interactional justice. The Journal of Psychology, 148 (2), 177-196.
Year 2019,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 277 - 291, 30.06.2019
Özcan Zorlu
,
Ali Avan
,
Ahmet Baytok
References
- Afsar, B. & Badir, Y. F. (2016). Person–organization fit, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of job embeddedness. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15 (3), 252-278.
- Anaza, N. A. (2015). Relations of fit and organizational identification to employee-customer identification. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30 (8), 925-939.Aselage, J. & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 491-509.
- Ashforth, B. E. & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14 (1), 20-39.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173.
- Blau, P.M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York, Wiley.
- Bowen, D. E., Ledford Jr, G. E., & Nathan, B. R. (1991). Hiring for the organization, not the job. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5 (4), 35-51.
- Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (5), 875-884.
- Chatman, J. A. (1989). Improving interactional organizational research: A model of person-organization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14 (3), 333-349.
- Chung, Y. W. (2017). The role of person–organization fit and perceived organizational support in the relationship between workplace ostracism and behavioral outcomes. Australian Journal of Management, 42 (2), 328-349.
- Chung, Y. W. (2017). The role of person–organization fit and perceived organizational support in the relationship between workplace ostracism and behavioral outcomes. Australian Journal of Management, 42 (2), 328-349.
- Dawley, D., Houghton, J. D., & Bucklew, N. S. (2010). Perceived organizational support and turnover intention: The mediating effects of personal sacrifice and job fit. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150 (3), 238-257.
- Demir, K. (2015). The effect of organizational justice and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating role of organizational identification. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 60, 131-148.
- Demir, M., Demir, S. S. & Nield, K. (2015). The relationship between person-organization fit, organizational identification and work outcomes. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 16 (2), 369-386.
- Dutton, J. E. Dukerich, J. M. & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administravite Science Quarterly, 39, 239-263. Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2010). Perceived organizational support, organizational identification, and employee outcomes: Testing a simultaneous multifoci model. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9 (1), 17-26.
- Eisenberger R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology,86 (1), 42-51.
- Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (3), 500-507.
- Farrell, M. A. & Oczkowski, E. (2012). Organizational identification and leader member exchange influences on customer orientation and organisational citizenship behaviours. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20 (4), 365-377.
- Frenkel, S. J. & Yu, C. (2011). Managing co-worker assistance through organizational identification. Human Performance, 24 (5), 387-404.
- Gardner, W. L., Reithel, B. J., Cogliser, C. C., Walumbwa, F. O., & Foley, R. T. (2012). Matching personality and organizational culture: Effects of recruitment strategy and the Five-Factor Model on subjective person–organization fit. Management Communication Quarterly, 26 (4), 585-622.
- Gautam, T., Dick, R. V. & Wagner, U. (2004). Organizational identification and organizational commitment: Distinct aspects of two related concepts. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7 (3), 301-315.
- Ghosh, S. K. (2016). Linking perceived organizational support to organizational identification: Role of organization based self-esteem. Contemporary Management Research, 12 (2), 225-244.
- Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25 (2), 161-178.
- Gutierrez, A. P., Candela, L. L. & Carver, L. (2012). The structural relationships between organizational commitment, global job satisfaction, developmental experiences, work values, organizational support, and person‐organization fit among nursing faculty. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68 (7), 1601-1614.
- He, H., Pham H. Q., Baruch Y. & Zhu W. (2014) Perceived organizational support and organizational identification: Joint moderating effects of employee exchange ideology and employee investment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (20), 2772-2795.
- Holtom, B. C. & Inderrieden, E. J. (2006). Integrating the unfolding model and job embeddedness model to better understand voluntary turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 435-452.
- Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2006). Increasing human and social capital by applying job embeddedness theory. Organizational Dynamics, 35 (4), 316-331.
- Jin, M. H., McDonald, B. & Park, J. (2018). Person–organization fit and turnover intention: Exploring the mediating role of employee followership and job satisfaction through conservation of resources theory. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 38 (2), 167-192.
- Kim, S. (2012). Does person‐organization fit matter in the public‐sector? Testing the mediating effect of person‐organization fit in the relationship between public service motivation and work attitudes. Public Administration Review, 72 (6), 830-840.
- Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person-organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1-49.
- Lam, L.W., Liu, Y. & Loi, R. (2016). Looking intra-organizationally for identity cues: Whether perceived organizational support shapes employees’ organizational identification. Human Relations, 69 (2), 345-367.
- Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation: The relationship between man and organization. Administravite Science Quarterly, 9, 370-390.
- Mael, F. & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 103-123.
- Maertz Jr., C. P., Griffeth, R. W., Campbell, N. S. & Allen, D. G. (2007). The effect of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 1059-1075.
- Marique, G., Stinglhamber, F., Desmette, D., Caesens, G. & Zanet, F. D. (2013). The relationship between perceived organizational support and affective commitment: A social identity perspective. Group & Organization Management, 38 (1), 68-100.
- Maxham III, J. G. & Netemeyer, R. G. (2003). Firms reap what they sow: The effects of shared values and perceived organizational justice on customers' evaluations of complaint handling. Journal of Marketing, 67 (1), 46-62.
- McDonald, P. R. (1993). Individual-organizational value congruence: Operationalization and consequents (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from Digitized Special Collections, 2189.
- Mete, E. S., Sökmen, A. & Bıyık, Y. (2016). The relationship between organizational commitment, organizational identification, person-organization fit and job satisfaction: A research on IT employees. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5 (3), 870-901.
- Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J. & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44 (6), 1102-1121.
- Moynihan, D. P. & Pandey, S. K. (2008). The ties that bind: Social networks, person organization value fit, and turnover intention. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18, 205-227.
- Murphy, W. M., Burton, J. P., Henagan, S. C., & Briscoe, J. P. (2013). Employee reactions to job insecurity in a declining economy: A longitudinal study of the mediating role of job embeddedness. Group & Organization Management, 38 (4), 512-537.
- Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Good Soldier. In M. G. Rumsey, C. B. Walker & J. H. Harris (Eds.), Personnel Selection and Classification, Chapter 4, Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books.
- Preacher, S. & Leonardelli, G. (2001). Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests. Advance online publication. [Retrieved from http://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm].
- Reitz, O. E. (2014). Job embeddedness: a concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 49 (3), 159-166.
- Reitz, O. E., & Anderson, M. A. (2011). An overview of job embeddedness. Journal of Professional Nursing, 27 (5), 320-327.
- Rhoades, L. & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literatüre. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 698-714.
- Riketta, M. & Dick, R. F. (2005). Foci of attachment in organizations: A meta-analytic comparison of the strength and correlates of workgroup versus organizational identification and commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67 (3), 490-510.
- Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N. & Liden, R. C. (1996). Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81 (3), 219-227.
- Shanock, L. R. & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates’ perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 (3), 689-695.
- Sluss, D. M., Klimchak, M., & Holmes, J. J. (2008). Perceived organizational support as a mediator between relational exchange and organizational identification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73 (3), 457-464.
- Smircich, L. (1983). Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 339-358.
- Sökmen, A. & Bıyık, Y. (2016). Örgütsel bağlılık, örgütsel özdeşleşme, kişi-örgüt uyumu ve iş tatmini ilişkisi: Bilişim uzmanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 9 (2), 221-227.
- Sökmen, A., Ekmekçioğlu, E. B. & Çelik, K. (2015). Algılanan örgütsel destek, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve yönetici etik davranışı ilişkisi: Araştırma görevlilerine yönelik araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (1), 125-144.
- Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. In S. Worchel and W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 7-24). Nelson, Hall Publishers.
- Vallabh, P. & Singhal, M. (2014). Workplace spirituality facilitation: A person-organization fit approach. Journal of Human Values, 20 (2), 193-207.van Knippenberg, D. & van Schie, E. C. M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 137-147.
- Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M. & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (1), 82-111.
- Wilson, J. D. (2010). Examining job embeddedness survey items for an adventure education population. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, USA-Bloomington: Indiana University.
- Yaniv, E. & Farkas, F. (2005). The impact of person-organization fit on the corporate brand perception of employees and of customers. Journal of Change Management, 5 (4), 447-461.
- Youngs, P., Pogodzinski, B., Grogan, E., & Perrone, F. (2015). Person-organization fit and research on instruction. Educational Researcher, 44 (1), 37-45.
- Zhang, M., Fried, D. D. & Griffeth, R. W. (2012). A review of job embeddedness: Conceptual, measurement issues, and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 22, 220-231.
- Zhao, H., Peng, Z. & Chen, H-K. (2014). Compulsory citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of organizational identification and perceived interactional justice. The Journal of Psychology, 148 (2), 177-196.