Turizmin Dönüştürücü Gücü: Airbnb Deneyimi

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 85 - 100, 10.06.2023

Ayşe Deliormanlı , Cansev Özdemir Ebru Düşmezkalender

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ev paylaşım sürecinde ev sahibi-misafir ve misafirlerin kendi aralarında oluşan karşılıklı ilişkilerin Airbnb kullanıcılarında bıraktığı etkileri ve bu deneyimin dönüştürücü gücünü anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma, nitel yöntemle tasarlanmış, hem yurtiçi hem de yurtdışında Airbnb platformunu kullanarak konaklayan 20 kişi ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak yüzyüze ve online şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ocak 2021-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılan görüşmeler tematik analiz ile incelenmiştir. Görüşmeler neticesinde katılımcıların; ucuzluk, yerel tavsiye alma, yerel kültürü yaşama, ev sıcaklığı, merkezi konumdan faydalanma gibi nedenlerle Airbnb’yi tercih ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ev sahibi-misafir arasında gerçekleşen hizmet sunumunun kişiselleştirilmiş olması da misafirler için tercih sebebidir. Airbnb konaklamalarında farklı birçok kişiyle aynı ortamı paylaşmanın ve etkileşim halinde olmanın katılımcılar için farklılıkları kabul etme ve kendine güven duygusunun gelişimi noktasında dönüştürücü bir deneyim olduğu da araştırmadan elde edilen diğer sonuçlardandır.

Keywords

Airbnb, Paylaşım Ekonomisi, Dönüşüm, Turizm

References

• Airbnb. (2013, June 8). New study: Airbnb community contributes €185 million to Parisian economy. Retrieved from https://www.airbnb.nl/press/news/new-study-airbnb-community-contributes-185-million-to-parisian-economy.
• Airbnb. (2021, April 13). Airbnb 2021 Release: 100+ innovations and upgrades across our entire service. Retrieved from https://news.airbnb.com/2021-release/.
• Alyakoob, M. & Rahman, M. (2018). Airbnb: Is it a Curse or a Blessing for Restaurant Employment. Thirty Ninth International Conference on Information Systems, San Francisco, 1-15.
• Aruan, D. T. H. & Felicia, F. (2019). Factors Influencing Travelers’ Behavioral Intentions to Use P2P Accommodation Based on Trading Activity: Airbnb vs Couchsurfing, International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13 (4), 487-504.
• Avunduk, H. & Akpınar, A. (2021). Seyahat ve Turizmde Paylaşım Ekonomisi: Airbnb Türkiye Örneği, International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, Özel Sayı, 135-149.
• Aydın, S. Ö. & Aydın, S. (2019). Airbnb Kullanıcı Yorumları: Eskişehir Örneği, Journal of Academic Value Studies, 5 (3), 344-351.
• Benoit, S., Baker, T. L., Bolton, R. N. Gruber, T. & Kandampully, J. (2017). A Triadic Framework for Collaborative Consumption (CC): Motives, Activities and Resources & Capabilities of Actors, Journal of Business Research, 79, 219-227.
• Bucher, E., Fieseler, C., Fleck, M. & Lutz, C. (2018). Authenticity and The Sharing Economy, Academy of Management Discoveries, 4 (3), 294-313.
• Cheng, M. & Jin, X. (2019). What do Airbnb Users Care About? An Analysis of Online Review Comments, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 58-70.
• Cesarani, M. & Nechita, F. (2017). Tourism and the Sharing Economy. An Evidence from Airbnb Usage in Italy and Romania, Emerging Issues in Management, 3, 32-47.
• Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2007). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, Sage Publications, USA.
• Creswell, J. W. (2016). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
• Desforges, L. (2000). Traveling The World: Identity and Travel Biography, Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (4), 926-945.
• Doğru, T., Hanks, L., Mody, M., Suess, C. & Sirakaya-Turk, E. (2020). The Effects of Airbnb on Hotel Performance: Evidence From Cities Beyond The United States, Tourism Management, 79, 104090.
• EatWith (2022 May 15). Retrieved from https://www.eatwith.com/
• Fang, B., Ye, Q. & Law, R. (2016). Effect of Sharing Economy on Tourism Industry Employment, Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 264-267.
• Farmaki, A. & Stergiou, D. P. (2019). Escaping Loneliness Through Airbnb Host-Guest Interactions, Tourism Management, 74, 331-333 . Fellander, A., Ingram, C. & Teigland, R. (2015, 3 March). The Sharing Economy Embracing Change With Caution. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/THE-SHARING-ECONOMY-EMBRACING-CHANGE-WITH-CAUTION-Fell%C3%A4nder Ingram/4740d0c80c6a4a623f5d73d8a1a30d5896bbc628.
• Ferreri, M. & Sanyal, R. (2018). Platform Economies and Urban Planning: Airbnb and Regulated Deregulation in London, Urban Studies, 55 (15), 3353-3368.
• Guttentag, D. (2015). Airbnb: Disruptive Innovation and The Rise of an Informal Tourism Accommodation Sector, Current issues in Tourism, 18 (12), 1192-1217.
• Guttentag, D. A., & Smith, S. L. (2017). Assessing Airbnb as a Disruptive Innovation Relative to Hotels: Substitution and Comparative Performance Expectations, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 64, 1-10.
• Guttentag, D. (2019). Transformative Experiences Via Airbnb: Is It The Guests or The Host Communities That Will Be Transformed?, Journal of Tourism Futures, 5 (2), 179-184.
• Gül, İ., Dinçer, M. Z. & Çetin, G. (2018). Paylaşım Ekonomisi ve Turizme Etkileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (1), 7-16.
• İperty Management (2022, May 13). Airbnb Statistics. Retrieved from https://ipropertymanagement.com/research/airbnb-statistics.
• Karasakal, S., Doğan, O. & Yücesoy, S. (2022). Airbnb Yorumları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Antalya Örneği, 22. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı (Ed. Yeşiltaş, M.), 417-430, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara. Kim, J., Yoon, Y. & Zo, H. (2015). Why People Participate in the Sharing Economy: A Social Exchange Perspective, PACIS, 76.
• Kumar, V., Lahiri, A. & Doğan, O. B. (2018). A Strategic Framework for a Profitable Business Model In The Sharing Economy, Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 147-160.
• Lee, S. & Kim, D. (2018). Brand Personality of Airbnb: Application of User Involvement and Gender Differences, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35 (1), 32-45.
• Liang, L. J., Choi, H. C., & Joppe, M. (2018). Exploring the Relationship Between Satisfaction, Trust and Switching Intention, Repurchase Intention in The Context of Airbnb, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 69, 41-48.
• Mezirow, J. (2008). An Overview on Transformative Learning, Lifelong Learning, 40-54.
• Mody, M., Hanks, L., & Dogru, T. (2019). Parallel Pathways to Brand Loyalty: Mapping The Consequences of Authentic Consumption Experiences for Hotels and Airbnb, Tourism Management, 74, 65-80.
• Moon, H., Miao, L. Hanks, L. & Line, N. D. (2019). Peer-to-Peer Interactions: Perspectives of Airbnb Guests and Hosts, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 405-414.
• Morgan, A. D. (2010). Journeys into Transformation: Travel to an “Other” Place as a Vehicle for Transformative Learning, Journal of Transformative Education, 8 (4), 246-268.
• Novikova, O. (2021). Business Model Transformation of a Service Provider on a Sharing Economy Platform, Journal of Business Models, 9 (1), 35-42.
• Oskam, J. & Boswijk, A. (2016). Airbnb: The Future of Networked Hospitality Businesses, Journal of Tourism Futures, 2 (1), 22-42.
• Oskam, J. A. (2019). The Future of Airbnb and the ‘Sharing Economy’: The Collaborative Consumption of our Cities, Journal of Tourism Futures, 5 (3), 285-286.
• Oxford Dictionary (2023, March 4). Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/sharing-economy?q=sharing+economy.
• Pine, B. J. & Gilmore, J. H. (1998, February 2). Welcome to the Experience Economy. https://hbr.org/1998/07/welcome-to-the-experience-economy.
• Pung, J. M., Yung, R., Khoo-Lattimore, C. & Del Chiappa, G. (2020). Transformative Travel Experiences and Gender: A Double Duoethnography Approach, Current Issues in Tourism, 23 (5), 538-558.
• Reisinger, Y. (Ed.). (2013). Transformational Tourism: Tourist Perspectives. CABI.
• Richardson, L. (2015). Performing the Sharing Economy, Geoforum, 67, 121-129.
• Ruan, Y. (2020). Perceived Host-Guest Sociability Similarity and Participants’ Satisfaction: Perspectives of Airbnb Guests and Hosts, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 419-428.
• Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage Publications, USA.
• Sundararajan, A. (2016). The Sharing Economy, The MIT Press, London.
• Tussyadiah, I. P. & Pesonen, J. (2018). Drivers and Barriers of Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Stay-An Exploratory Study with American and Finnish Travellers, Current Issues in Tourism, 21 (6), 703-720.
• Türker, N., & Acar, A. (2021). Dönüşümsel Turizm (256-268). İçinde Aydın, Ş. ve Boz, M. (Ed.). Turizmde Güncel Konu ve Eğilimler, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Wang, D., & Nicolau, J. L. (2017). Price Determinants of Sharing Economy Based Accommodation Rental: A Study of Listings From 33 Cities on Airbnb.com, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 62, 120-131.
• Yang, Y., Tan, K. P. S. & Li, X. R. (2019). Antecedents and Consequences of Home-Sharing Stays: Evidence From a Nationwide Household Tourism Survey, Tourism Management, 70, 15-28.
• Zhao, Y. & Agyeiwaah, E. (2023). Understanding tourists’ transformative experience: A systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 188-199.
• Zhu, Y., Cheng, M., Wang, J., Ma, L. & Jiang, R. (2019). The Construction of Home Feeling By Airbnb Guests in The Sharing Economy: A Semantics Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 308-321.