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Benchmarking customer satisfaction levels of airline companies: An entropy-grey relational analysis approach

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1474992

Abstract

The transportation sector plays a critical role in facilitating tourism movements. Airline operators must adapt to the evolving market dynamics and gain a competitive edge by meeting passenger expectations. However, the persistent challenges of delivering excellent service quality and achieving high customer satisfaction levels persist. Assessing service quality and customer satisfaction is crucial for airlines to maintain a competitive advantage. Comparing the service quality levels of airline companies with competitors allows for the identification of the company's strengths and weaknesses. In this way, airlines can enhance their customer-oriented service approach, gain a competitive advantage, and take strategic steps to maintain their leadership position in the industry. Multi-criteria decision-making methods are effective in managing decision making by considering various criteria or factors. Previous research has shown a limited number of studies employing multi-criteria decision-making methods to compare the customer satisfaction levels of airline companies. This study aims to compare the customer satisfaction levels of twenty international full-service airline companies and determine the importance level of the criteria influencing customer satisfaction. In this context, entropy and grey relational analysis methods were used. The study concludes that the most critical factors influencing the customer satisfaction of airline companies include flight comfort, legroom, and food and beverage service.

References

  • Altcheck, A. & Rains T. (2024). Singapore is adding luxury upgrades to its premium economy cabin as it strives to maintain its world-best title. https://www.businessinsider.com/singapore-airlines-premium-economy-cabin-changes-meals-drinks-menu-2024-3 . (Access Date: 27.04.2024).
  • An, M., & Noh, Y. (2009). Airline customer satisfaction and loyalty: impact of in-flight service quality. Service Business, 3, 293-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-009-0068-4
  • Ardil, C. (2021). Airline Quality Rating Using PARIS and TOPSIS in Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analysis. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 15(12), 516-523.
  • Abdel Rady, H. (2018). Measuring airline service quality using AIRQUAL model: A study applied to Egyptair. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality, 12(1), 271-290. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijhth.2018.31517
  • Ataman, G., Behram, N. K., & Sedat, E. Ş. G. İ. (2011). İş amaçlı havayolu pazarında hizmet kalitesinin Servqual Modeli ile ölçülmesi ve Türk Hava Yolları ‘Busıness Class’ yolcuları üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (26), 73-87.
  • Bakır, M., & Atalık, Ö. (2021). Application of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy MARCOS approach for the evaluation of e-service quality in the airline industry. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 4(1), 127-152.
  • Bakır, M. (2019). SWARA ve MABAC yöntemleri ile havayolu işletmelerinde ewom’a dayalı memnuniyet düzeyinin analizi. İzmir iktisat dergisi, 34(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame2104127b
  • Ban, H. J., Joung, H. W., & Kim, H. S. (2019). The text mining approach to understand seat comfort experience of airline passengers through online review. Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 25(9), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2019.25.9.005
  • Bieger, T., & Wittmer, A. (2006). Air transport and tourism—Perspectives and challenges for destinations, airlines and governments. Journal of Air Transport Management, 12(1), 40-46.
  • Brochado, A., Rita, P., Oliveira, C., & Oliveira, F. (2019). Airline passengers’ perceptions of service quality: Themes in online reviews. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 855-873.
  • Chang, Y. H., & Yeh, C. H. (2001). Evaluating airline competitiveness using multiattribute decision making. Omega, 29(5), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(01)00032-9
  • Chen, C. M., & Liu, H. M. (2017). Exploring the impact of airlines service quality on customer loyalty: Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(5), 36-50.
  • Chou, C. C., Liu, L. J., Huang, S. F., Yih, J. M., & Han, T. C. (2011). An evaluation of airline service quality using the fuzzy weighted SERVQUAL method. Applied Soft Computing, 11(2), 2117-2128.
  • David Mc A, B. (2013). Service quality and customer satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparison between legacy airlines and low-cost airlines. American journal of tourism research, 2(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.11634/216837861403317
  • Demidovskij, A. V. (2020, 27 – 29 May). Comparative analysis of MADM approaches: ELECTRE, TOPSIS and multi-level LDM methodology. In 2020 XXIII International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM), (pp. 190-193). IEEE.
  • Dos Santos, B. M., Godoy, L. P., & Campos, L. M. (2019). Performance evaluation of green suppliers using entropy-TOPSIS-F. Journal of cleaner production, 207, 498-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.235
  • Du, C., Ejem, E., & Ezenwa, A. (2012). Evaluation of service quality of Nigerian airline using servqual model. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism Vol, 3(6), 117-125.
  • Gelb, B. D., & Sundaram S. (2002). Adapting to “Word Of Mouse”. Business Horizons, 45(4), 21-25.
  • Ghorabaee, M. K., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Antucheviciene, J. (2017). A new hybrid simulation-based assignment approach for evaluating airlines with multiple service quality criteria. Journal of Air Transport Management, 63, 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.05.008
  • Hatipoğlu, S., & Işık, E. S. (2015). Havayolu ulaşımında hizmet kalitesinin ölçülmesi: İç hatlarda bir uygulama. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 293-312.
  • Hassan, A. M., Abd Eljalil, S., & Ezzat, M. (2020). The influence of E-WOM on Egyptian Private Airlines ticket purchasing Intention. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(2), 31-64. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijthm.2020.134197
  • Hussain, R., Al Nasser, A., & Hussain, Y. K. (2014). Service quality and customer satisfaction of a UAE-based airline: An empirical investigation. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42, 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.10.001.
  • Hung, Y. H., Huang, M. L., & Chen, K. S. (2003). Service quality evaluation by service quality performance matrix. Total quality Management & Business Excellence, 14(1), 79-89.
  • İbik, Özge A. (2006), Rekabet ortamında hizmet kalitesinin önemi ve bir havayolu işletmesinde hizmet kalitesinin gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik bir uygulama, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı Kocaeli.
  • Jena, R. K., & Dwivedi, Y. (2023). Prioritizing the barriers to tourism growth in rural India: an integrated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(3), 393-416.
  • Kazançoğlu, İ. (2011). Havayolu firmalarında müşteri sadakatinin yaratılmasında kurum imajının ve algılanan hizmet kalitesinin etkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 11(21), 130-158.
  • Kijpanjasub, K., & Jitkuekul, P. (2019, 06 March). Corporate reputation and corporate image influence customer purchase intentions and loyalty of lowcost airlines. In International Academic Multidisciplinary Research Conference In Vienna,, 205 -210.
  • Koçak, D., & Özer, M. A. (2022). Comparing the quality of governance across the European Union member countries: A grey relational analysis approach. Policy Studies, 43(5), 1135-1155.
  • Lee, C. C., & Hu, C. (2005). Analyzing hotel customers' e-complaints from an internet complaint forum. Journal Of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 17(2-3), 167-181. 6.
  • Li, X., Wang, K., Liu, L., Xin, J., Yang, H., & Gao, C. (2011). Application of the entropy weight and TOPSIS method in safety evaluation of coal mines. Procedia engineering, 26, 2085-2091.
  • Malekpoor, H., Chalvatzis, K., Mishra, N., Mehlawat, M. K., Zafirakis, D., & Song, M. (2018). Integrated grey relational analysis and multi objective grey linear programming for sustainable electricity generation planning. Annals of Operations Research, 269(1–2), 475–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2566-4.
  • Middleton, V. T., & Clarke, J. R. (2009). Marketing in travel and tourism. Routledge. Abingdon, England; New York, NY.
  • Mimovic, P. M. (2018). Measuring performance of Middle East Airlines–Ahp approach. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 10(3), 391- 408.
  • Mutlu, S., & Sertoğlu, A. E. (2018). Düşük maliyetli ve tam hizmet sunan havayolları müşterilerinin hizmet kalitesi beklentilerinin karşılaştırılması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 528-550.
  • Okumuş, A., & Asil, H. (2007). Hizmet kalitesi algılamasının havayolu yolcularının genel memnuniyet düzeylerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(2), 7-29.
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). Servqual: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perc. Journal of retailing, 64(1), 12.
  • Pekkaya, M., & Akıllı, F. (2013). Hava yolu hizmet kalitesinin SERVPERFSERVQUAL ölçeği ile değerlendirmesi ve istatistiksel analizi. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(9), 75-96.
  • Pels, E., Njegovan, N., & Behrens, C. (2009). Low-cost airlines and airport competition. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 45(2), 335-344.
  • Prideaux, B. (2000). The role of the transport system in destination development. Tourism management, 21(1), 53-63.
  • Punel, A., Hassan, L. A. H., & Ermagun, A. (2019). Variations in airline passenger expectation of service quality across the globe. Tourism Management, 75, 491-508.
  • Sarıışık M., & Özbay, G. (2012). Elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim ve turizm endüstrisindeki uygulamalara ilişkin bir yazın incelemesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(16): 1-22.
  • Sezgen, E., Mason, K. J., & Mayer, R. (2019). Voice of airline passenger: A text mining approach to understand customer satisfaction. Journal of Air Transport Management, 77, 65-74.
  • Singh, A. K. (2016). Competitive service quality benchmarking in airline industry using AHP. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(4), 768-791.
  • Stević, I., Stević, S. R., & de Jesus Breda, Z. M. (2019). Application of MCDM methods to tourism evaluation of cultural sites. Cultural Urban Heritage: Development, Learning and Landscape Strategies, 357-381.
  • Tong, L. I., & Wang, C. H. (2003). Quality improvement for dynamic ordered categorical response using grey relational analysis. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 21, 377-383.
  • Wu, H. H. (2002). A comparative study of using grey relational analysis in multiple attribute decision making problems. Quality Engineering, 15(2). 209 – 217. https://doi.org/10.1081/QEN-120015853.
  • Xu, M., Bai, C., Shi, L., Puška, A., Štilić, A., & Stević, Ž. (2023). Assessment of Mountain tourism sustainability using integrated fuzzy MCDM Model. Sustainability, 15(19), 14358.
  • Yıldırım, B. F. (2015). Gri İliskisel Analiz. In Cok Kriterli Karar Verme Yontemleri. Dora, Bursa.
  • Yılmaz Uz, C., & Özer Canarslan, N., (2019). Havayolu hizmet kalitesinin yolcu memnuniyeti üzerine etkisi. Journal of Turkish Studies, 14(4).

Havayolu şirketlerinin müşteri memnuniyeti düzeylerinin kıyaslanması: Entropi-gri ilişkisel analiz yaklaşımı

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1474992

Abstract

Ulaştırma sektörü turizm hareketlerinin kolaylaştırılmasında kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Havayolu işletmeleri, gelişen pazar dinamiklerine uyum sağlamalı ve yolcu beklentilerini karşılayarak rekabet avantajı elde etmelidir. Ancak mükemmel hizmet kalitesi sunmanın ve yüksek müşteri memnuniyeti düzeylerine ulaşmanın çeşitli zorlukları devam etmektedir. Hizmet kalitesinin ve müşteri memnuniyetinin değerlendirilmesi, havayollarının rekabet avantajını sürdürmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Havayolu şirketlerinin hizmet kalitesi seviyelerinin rakiplerle kıyaslanması, işletmenin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin belirlenmesine olanak tanır. Bu sayede havayolu firmaları, müşteri odaklı hizmet anlayışlarını geliştirerek rekabet avantajı elde edebilir ve sektördeki lider konumlarını koruma yolunda stratejik adımlar atabilirler. Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri, çeşitli kriterleri veya faktörleri dikkate alarak karar verme sürecinin yönetilmesinde etkilidir. Geçmiş çalışmalar incelendiğinde havayolu şirketlerinin müşteri memnuniyet düzeylerini karşılaştırmak için çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin nadiren kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yirmi uluslararası tam hizmet sunan havayolu şirketinin müşteri memnuniyet düzeylerini karşılaştırmak ve müşteri memnuniyetini etkileyen kriterlerin önem seviyelerini belirlemektir. Bu bağlamda entropi ve gri ilişkisel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada havayolu şirketlerinin müşteri memnuniyetini etkileyen en önemli kriterlerin uçuş konforu, bacak mesafesi ve yiyecek-içecek hizmeti olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Altcheck, A. & Rains T. (2024). Singapore is adding luxury upgrades to its premium economy cabin as it strives to maintain its world-best title. https://www.businessinsider.com/singapore-airlines-premium-economy-cabin-changes-meals-drinks-menu-2024-3 . (Access Date: 27.04.2024).
  • An, M., & Noh, Y. (2009). Airline customer satisfaction and loyalty: impact of in-flight service quality. Service Business, 3, 293-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-009-0068-4
  • Ardil, C. (2021). Airline Quality Rating Using PARIS and TOPSIS in Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analysis. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 15(12), 516-523.
  • Abdel Rady, H. (2018). Measuring airline service quality using AIRQUAL model: A study applied to Egyptair. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality, 12(1), 271-290. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijhth.2018.31517
  • Ataman, G., Behram, N. K., & Sedat, E. Ş. G. İ. (2011). İş amaçlı havayolu pazarında hizmet kalitesinin Servqual Modeli ile ölçülmesi ve Türk Hava Yolları ‘Busıness Class’ yolcuları üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (26), 73-87.
  • Bakır, M., & Atalık, Ö. (2021). Application of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy MARCOS approach for the evaluation of e-service quality in the airline industry. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 4(1), 127-152.
  • Bakır, M. (2019). SWARA ve MABAC yöntemleri ile havayolu işletmelerinde ewom’a dayalı memnuniyet düzeyinin analizi. İzmir iktisat dergisi, 34(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame2104127b
  • Ban, H. J., Joung, H. W., & Kim, H. S. (2019). The text mining approach to understand seat comfort experience of airline passengers through online review. Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 25(9), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2019.25.9.005
  • Bieger, T., & Wittmer, A. (2006). Air transport and tourism—Perspectives and challenges for destinations, airlines and governments. Journal of Air Transport Management, 12(1), 40-46.
  • Brochado, A., Rita, P., Oliveira, C., & Oliveira, F. (2019). Airline passengers’ perceptions of service quality: Themes in online reviews. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 855-873.
  • Chang, Y. H., & Yeh, C. H. (2001). Evaluating airline competitiveness using multiattribute decision making. Omega, 29(5), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(01)00032-9
  • Chen, C. M., & Liu, H. M. (2017). Exploring the impact of airlines service quality on customer loyalty: Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(5), 36-50.
  • Chou, C. C., Liu, L. J., Huang, S. F., Yih, J. M., & Han, T. C. (2011). An evaluation of airline service quality using the fuzzy weighted SERVQUAL method. Applied Soft Computing, 11(2), 2117-2128.
  • David Mc A, B. (2013). Service quality and customer satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparison between legacy airlines and low-cost airlines. American journal of tourism research, 2(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.11634/216837861403317
  • Demidovskij, A. V. (2020, 27 – 29 May). Comparative analysis of MADM approaches: ELECTRE, TOPSIS and multi-level LDM methodology. In 2020 XXIII International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM), (pp. 190-193). IEEE.
  • Dos Santos, B. M., Godoy, L. P., & Campos, L. M. (2019). Performance evaluation of green suppliers using entropy-TOPSIS-F. Journal of cleaner production, 207, 498-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.235
  • Du, C., Ejem, E., & Ezenwa, A. (2012). Evaluation of service quality of Nigerian airline using servqual model. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism Vol, 3(6), 117-125.
  • Gelb, B. D., & Sundaram S. (2002). Adapting to “Word Of Mouse”. Business Horizons, 45(4), 21-25.
  • Ghorabaee, M. K., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Antucheviciene, J. (2017). A new hybrid simulation-based assignment approach for evaluating airlines with multiple service quality criteria. Journal of Air Transport Management, 63, 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.05.008
  • Hatipoğlu, S., & Işık, E. S. (2015). Havayolu ulaşımında hizmet kalitesinin ölçülmesi: İç hatlarda bir uygulama. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 293-312.
  • Hassan, A. M., Abd Eljalil, S., & Ezzat, M. (2020). The influence of E-WOM on Egyptian Private Airlines ticket purchasing Intention. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(2), 31-64. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijthm.2020.134197
  • Hussain, R., Al Nasser, A., & Hussain, Y. K. (2014). Service quality and customer satisfaction of a UAE-based airline: An empirical investigation. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42, 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.10.001.
  • Hung, Y. H., Huang, M. L., & Chen, K. S. (2003). Service quality evaluation by service quality performance matrix. Total quality Management & Business Excellence, 14(1), 79-89.
  • İbik, Özge A. (2006), Rekabet ortamında hizmet kalitesinin önemi ve bir havayolu işletmesinde hizmet kalitesinin gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik bir uygulama, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı Kocaeli.
  • Jena, R. K., & Dwivedi, Y. (2023). Prioritizing the barriers to tourism growth in rural India: an integrated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(3), 393-416.
  • Kazançoğlu, İ. (2011). Havayolu firmalarında müşteri sadakatinin yaratılmasında kurum imajının ve algılanan hizmet kalitesinin etkisi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 11(21), 130-158.
  • Kijpanjasub, K., & Jitkuekul, P. (2019, 06 March). Corporate reputation and corporate image influence customer purchase intentions and loyalty of lowcost airlines. In International Academic Multidisciplinary Research Conference In Vienna,, 205 -210.
  • Koçak, D., & Özer, M. A. (2022). Comparing the quality of governance across the European Union member countries: A grey relational analysis approach. Policy Studies, 43(5), 1135-1155.
  • Lee, C. C., & Hu, C. (2005). Analyzing hotel customers' e-complaints from an internet complaint forum. Journal Of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 17(2-3), 167-181. 6.
  • Li, X., Wang, K., Liu, L., Xin, J., Yang, H., & Gao, C. (2011). Application of the entropy weight and TOPSIS method in safety evaluation of coal mines. Procedia engineering, 26, 2085-2091.
  • Malekpoor, H., Chalvatzis, K., Mishra, N., Mehlawat, M. K., Zafirakis, D., & Song, M. (2018). Integrated grey relational analysis and multi objective grey linear programming for sustainable electricity generation planning. Annals of Operations Research, 269(1–2), 475–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2566-4.
  • Middleton, V. T., & Clarke, J. R. (2009). Marketing in travel and tourism. Routledge. Abingdon, England; New York, NY.
  • Mimovic, P. M. (2018). Measuring performance of Middle East Airlines–Ahp approach. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 10(3), 391- 408.
  • Mutlu, S., & Sertoğlu, A. E. (2018). Düşük maliyetli ve tam hizmet sunan havayolları müşterilerinin hizmet kalitesi beklentilerinin karşılaştırılması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 528-550.
  • Okumuş, A., & Asil, H. (2007). Hizmet kalitesi algılamasının havayolu yolcularının genel memnuniyet düzeylerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(2), 7-29.
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). Servqual: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perc. Journal of retailing, 64(1), 12.
  • Pekkaya, M., & Akıllı, F. (2013). Hava yolu hizmet kalitesinin SERVPERFSERVQUAL ölçeği ile değerlendirmesi ve istatistiksel analizi. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(9), 75-96.
  • Pels, E., Njegovan, N., & Behrens, C. (2009). Low-cost airlines and airport competition. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 45(2), 335-344.
  • Prideaux, B. (2000). The role of the transport system in destination development. Tourism management, 21(1), 53-63.
  • Punel, A., Hassan, L. A. H., & Ermagun, A. (2019). Variations in airline passenger expectation of service quality across the globe. Tourism Management, 75, 491-508.
  • Sarıışık M., & Özbay, G. (2012). Elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim ve turizm endüstrisindeki uygulamalara ilişkin bir yazın incelemesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(16): 1-22.
  • Sezgen, E., Mason, K. J., & Mayer, R. (2019). Voice of airline passenger: A text mining approach to understand customer satisfaction. Journal of Air Transport Management, 77, 65-74.
  • Singh, A. K. (2016). Competitive service quality benchmarking in airline industry using AHP. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(4), 768-791.
  • Stević, I., Stević, S. R., & de Jesus Breda, Z. M. (2019). Application of MCDM methods to tourism evaluation of cultural sites. Cultural Urban Heritage: Development, Learning and Landscape Strategies, 357-381.
  • Tong, L. I., & Wang, C. H. (2003). Quality improvement for dynamic ordered categorical response using grey relational analysis. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 21, 377-383.
  • Wu, H. H. (2002). A comparative study of using grey relational analysis in multiple attribute decision making problems. Quality Engineering, 15(2). 209 – 217. https://doi.org/10.1081/QEN-120015853.
  • Xu, M., Bai, C., Shi, L., Puška, A., Štilić, A., & Stević, Ž. (2023). Assessment of Mountain tourism sustainability using integrated fuzzy MCDM Model. Sustainability, 15(19), 14358.
  • Yıldırım, B. F. (2015). Gri İliskisel Analiz. In Cok Kriterli Karar Verme Yontemleri. Dora, Bursa.
  • Yılmaz Uz, C., & Özer Canarslan, N., (2019). Havayolu hizmet kalitesinin yolcu memnuniyeti üzerine etkisi. Journal of Turkish Studies, 14(4).
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Ertan İnan 0000-0002-6642-4813

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date April 28, 2024
Acceptance Date January 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İnan, H. E. (2025). Benchmarking customer satisfaction levels of airline companies: An entropy-grey relational analysis approach. Tourism and Recreation, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1474992