Autonomy Development in Adolescence

Abstract

During adolescence, individuals attempt to become independent and want to make decisions about their own lives. This search for independence and the need for it, is conceptualized as “autonomy”. The purpose of this review was to examine the literature to analyze the concept of autonomy development in adolescence. Review of existing psychology literature shows that conceptions of autonomy have taken several forms. Autonomy has evolved from concept of “separation” from the parent to the “self-governance” approach. While the theme of separation implies independence from others and being autonomous has been considered a requisite of healthy human development, self-governance approach to autonomy sees it as basic need and propose that autonomy and relatedness can coexist. Many research results indicated that becoming an autonomous individual and maintaining relationship with one’s parents and others have positive impacts on adolescents’ well-being. Understanding the antecedents and consequences of adolescent autonomy will help psychologists, counselors and educators to develop appropriate health-promoting intervention programs.

Keywords

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Ergenlikte Özerklik Gelişimi

Abstract

Ergenlik döneminde bireyler bağımsız olmak için çaba harcamakta ve kendi yaşamları ile ilgili kararları kendileri almak istemektedirler. Bu bağımsızlık arayışı ve gereksinimi genel olarak “özerklik” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı ergenlik döneminde özerkliğin gelişimini anlamak için bu konudaki alanyazını incelemektir. Psikolojideki ilgili alan yazının incelenmesi sonucunda özerklik kavramının çeşitli şekillerde ele alındığı görülmektedir. Özerklik gelişimi “aileden ayrışma” anlamından “kendi kendini yönetme” kavramına doğru bir değişim yaşamıştır. Başkalarından bağımsız olma anlamına gelen ayrışma sağlıklı bir gelişim için ön koşul olarak görülürken, kendi kendini yönetme bakış açısı özerkliği temel bir gereksinim olarak görmekte ve özerkliğin başkaları ile ilişkileri sürdürerek sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişeceğini ileri sürmektedir. Birçok çalışma özerk olma ve aile ile yakın ilişkileri sürdürmenin ergenlerin iyi oluşları üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Ergenlikte özerkliği ortaya çıkaran etmenlerin ve özerkliğin sonuçlarının anlaşılması psikologlara, psikolojik danışmanlara ve eğitimcilere ergenleri daha iyi anlamalarında ve onlara yönelik hazırlayacakları, sağlıklı gelişimlerini destekleyici programların planlanmasında yardımcı olabilecektir.

Keywords

• ergenlik, özerklik

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